ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Electricity and Magnetism

Electricity and Magnetism

Properties of Electricity and Magnetism

Properties of electricity and magnetism are closely related and important topics in physics. In human society, electricity and magnetism have a strong presence since its use is widespread. The generators in power plants convert electric steam flow, which is converted back to mechanical energy when the current reaches a motor. A laser reads information from a CD, and a microscopic pattern becomes audible when the electrical signals reach the speakers.

Electricity and magnetism is the branch of physics that covers knowledge about static electricity, electric currents and magnetic phenomena. In electrostatics the phenomena associated with electric charges at rest. The presence of the forces between these charges, it was noted in the time of Homer. The word "electricity" comes from the Greek (amber), described as the first in the history of electrification by friction observations are connected with this material.

In 1733 Sh.Dyufe (1698-1739) discovered that there are two types of electric charges. Properties of the same type are formed in the wax, if the rub woolen cloth, charges another type - on the glass, if it is rubbed with silk. Same charges repels while different attracts. Charges of different types combine to neutralize each other. In 1750 B.Franklin (1706-1790) developed the theory of electrical phenomena, based on the assumption that all materials contain certain "electric fluid". He believed that the friction of two materials against each other part of the electric fluid passes from one to the other of them (the total number of electric fluid retained). Excess fluid in the body electric tells him the charge of one type and its deficiency is manifested as having charge of another type. Franklin decided that by rubbing wax woolen cloth coat takes him some electric fluid. So he called the negative charge of sealing wax.

Franklin's views are very similar to modern concepts, according to which the electrification by friction due to the shift of the electron from one of the rubbing bodies on the other. But since in reality, the electrons flow from the hair on the wax, sealing wax occurs in excess, not the lack of the electric fluid, which is now identified with the electrons. Franklin had no way to determine the direction in which the liquid flows into the electric, and his unfortunate choice we owe the fact that the electron charges were "negative." While such a sign of the charge causes some confusion for embarking on the study of the subject, this convention is too entrenched in the literature, to talk about changing the sign of the charge of the electron after its properties have been well studied (Beller, 2000).

The Theories and Laws That Describe Electricity and Magnetism

We look at the history of physics, focusing on an essential aspect of it, how it was born and developed the idea of field. This idea is not born, contrary to what might appear, a technological development or the need to explain a set of phenomena, but a metaphysics of ...