Educational changes and challenges in response to multiculturalism in the UK and its implications for South Korea, facing the early stage of being a multicultural society

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, it would give me great pleasure to show my gratitude to my professor, for his propositions, remarks, understanding and patience. It would also be an honour to express gratitude to my parents, my mother, my father, my sister and my brother for their endless support in my life and allowing me to make all my decisions. I would also like to take the opportunity to show appreciation to my co-workers for their expert cooperation on every occasion. I would also like to be grateful to the Department, managers of the university, instructors and students who have supported me throughout this research.

DECLARATION

I declare that the content presented in this thesis/dissertation is, in my understanding and opinion, original and has not been presented for scholarly assessment in the past, either completely or partly, for an academic degree at this educational institution or elsewhere. I would also like to admit that I have studied and understood the principles, prerequisites, processes and guidelines of the University regarding the higher academic degree research award and to my dissertation. I would also like to declare that I have abided by the University's principles, prerequisites, processes and guidelines.

ABSTRACT

Multiculturalism includes guiding students to learn how to interact and communicate with people from diverse groups and backgrounds. Given that the ultimate objective of Multicultural Education is to teach students to live in a multicultural society, multicultural education is relevant in every classroom. Children need to learn to celebrate the richness of diversity, rather than to fear that which is different (Leicester, 1989). They need to receive an education that recognizes and values cultural diversity, rather than one that highlights differences and compels minority and ethnic children to fit into a host society. Multicultural education should permeate school life and the child's educational experience in their entirety, and involve all school staff members in working toward shared objectives. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the educational changes and challenges in response to multiculturalism in UK and its implications to South Korea facing the early stage of being multicultural society.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

1.1Research Background1

1.2Research Problem3

1.3Research Aims and Objectives4

1.4Research Question4

1.5Structure of the thesis5

1.5.1Chapter 1: Introduction5

1.5.2Chapter 2: Literature Review5

1.5.3Chapter 3: Methodology6

1.5.4Chapter 4: Results6

1.5.5Chapter 5: Conclusion6

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW8

2.1What is Culture?8

2.2Multiculturalism11

2.3British Education System11

2.3.1Secondary Education12

2.4Immigration and Education14

2.5Legal Framework for the Education of Immigrants15

2.6The Access to Education on Equal Terms17

2.7Multiculturalism in Korea17

2.8Multicultural Education18

2.9Goals of Multicultural Education24

2.10Role of the Teacher26

2.11A Multicultural School Curriculum28

2.12Criticisms of Multicultural Education31

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY34

3.1Research Aims and Objectives34

3.2Research Design35

3.3Likert scale36

3.4Sampling and Data Collection36

3.5Position of the Researcher37

3.6Reliability and Validity37

3.7Ethical Concerns39

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION41

4.1Analysis41

4.2Multicultural Curricula and Teaching58

4.2.1Integrated Curricula58

4.2.2Interdisciplinary Teaching60

4.2.3Multicultural Curricula62

4.3Application of Multicultural Curricula and Teaching in Korean Schools63

4.3.1Quality Teachers and the Classroom64

4.3.2The Multicultural Classroom Environment70

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS74

5.1Conclusion74

5.2Recommendation79

5.3Limitations80

REFERENCES81

APPENDIX85

Appendix A: Letter of Permission85

Appendix B: Consent form86

Appendix C: Questionnaire Survey87

Appendix D: Responses of the Questionnaire Survey90

Appendix E: Tables93

Appendix G: Time Scale98

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The purpose of ...