1. (A) list all the possible combinations of the two goods that Tom can purchase each week with his allowance.
Pizza Slices (€6 per slice)
Movie Rentals (€3 per rental)
Total
4
0
24
3
2
24
2
4
24
1
6
24
0
8
24
(b) How many pizzas and how many movie rentals should Tom consume each week? What is Tom's marginal rate of substitution at that combination? [20 marks]?
The marginal rate of substitution will show how much Tom is willing to substitute pizza for movie rentals (Hubbard & Brien, 2006). Here, we take Pizza giving utility for X, and Movie Rental, giving utility for product Y. Both X and Y utilities are reported in Utils. In the table, we calculate the Total Utility (TU) and Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS). The formula to calculate MRS:
MRS=
Total Utility is measured as the sum of Utils derived from Pizza(X) and Utils derived from Movie Rentals (Y) .
S.No
Pizza/Week
Utils/week from Pizza(x)
Movie Rentals/Week
Utils/week from rentals
Total Utility
MRS
1
0
0
0
0
0
2.00
2
1
20
1
40
60
0.33
3
2
38
2
46
84
0.25
4
3
54
3
50
104
0.29
5
4
68
4
54
122
0.17
6
5
80
5
56
136
0.10
7
6
90
6
57
147
0.00
8
7
98
7
57
155
0.00
9
8
104
8
57
161
0.55
The combinations in serial range 6-9 are not possible due to the budget constraint (Flood & Rose, 2004). Tom could, at maximum, consume 4 pizzas or 8 movies a week, both of which show his €24 budget constraint. In combination 1-5, Tom should choose where his total utility is maximum (Hubbard & Brien, 2006). This makes the '3 pizza, 2 movie rentals' as the ideal point of consumption.
(c) Illustrate your result graphically. [10 marks]
The following diagram illustrates how Tom's switches his behavior over different levels of consumption.
2. John Jones owns and manages a café whose annual revenue is €5,000. The annual expenses are as in the table below.