Disability, Race, and Gender Discrimination in Sport

Disability, Race, and Gender Discrimination in Sport

Dunning, E. (1999). Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence, and Civilization. London: Routledge.

Summary

Eric Dunning describes that no matter how specific or clear the rules of a sport are, and no matter how good the sportsmen are, the one who makes the decision remains important. One may be merely inferring rules in golf, calling balls and strikes, or may be concerned with more intricate cases associated with gambling or the intake of performance-enhancing drugs. He explains that professionalism demands that the procedures of decision making be internal to the sport, and that the ones concerned be independent. The procedures for decision making that are ethical ones demand three things: reflection, impartiality and understanding of precedent.

Dunning states that the decision maker should not only be neutral but also seems to be unbiased. “Unbiased” means that the one who is making the decision ought to have nothing to achieve or lose; he/she ought to have no personal wager in the result. The form of neutrality is critical, again for faith and integrity in equality. In line with Eric Dunning, the parents must be also be very fair and reasonable, and they must seem to be unbiased while parenting; children distinguish it in their early age while it is “not fair.” He further states that referees and umpires must be neutral as well. Moreover, the commissioners, owners, and managers of different sports ought to be fair in their connections and dealings; the unions of the players have been set up and contractual agreements try to guarantee this. Dunning explains that the decision maker should always mull over the position of all the ones who have a wager in the result. This may be further than the conflict of owner-player however also involves teammates, families, fans and the opponents. Decision makers should by no means unjustly consider the issues like gender, age, religion or race as part of the procedure, and decisions must by no means be founded on intuition, personal feelings, or other biased criteria.

In addition to this, the writer further explains the decision maker should be careful in collecting all the particulars of a case. In addition, discernment and care ought to include thought of former cases and earlier decisions that are comparable. These standards may be uncomplicated similar to calling balls and strikes in the match of baseball the same from everyday. In wider and more complicated ethical issues, considerable significance ought to be dealt comparable situations that have been settled on formerly. The baseball commissioner disallowed Pete Rose from the game for life. This act of his not just evaluated the widespread data cautiously collected by an ex-federal prosecutor, though also appealed to the preceding case of the 8 Chicago White Sox players who were put on a ban from baseball forever, also for participation in gambling.

Analysis

Eric Dunning in “Sport Matters: Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence, and Civilization” discusses the responsibilities of different people involved in ...