Diagnosis of PTSD in Children who were affected by September 11, 2001

By

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS1

Results1

Discussion12

Policies for Children15

References19

Table of Figures

Table 1- Impact on Children4

Table 2- Psychological Impact4

Table 3- Awareness about 9/11 Attacks4

Table 4- Effects on Lives5

Table 5- Impact of Media Exposure5

Table 6- Worrying Levels6

Table 7- Upsetting Thoughts6

Table 8- Nightmares7

Table 9- flashbacks7

Table 10- Reminders8

Table 11- Avoidance to Talk8

Table 12- Remembering Details9

Table 13- Loss of Interest9

Table 14- Emotionally Distant Feeling10

Table 15- Trouble in Sleeping10

Table 16- Effect on Future Plans11

Table 17- Happening of Incident in Future12

Table 18- Mean and S.D. For CPSS Score12

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS

This research study examined the symptoms of psychological and post traumatic stress in the children from the terrorist attack of 9/11. The study additionally reviews the PTS symptoms that act as the predictors of set of symptoms for the targeted population. Study carefully describes how responses of children relate to the stress and it also identifies the prospective predictors in the children that can develop better understanding of the impact arising from catastrophic events.

Participant of this study are 50 children who were chosen on the basis of contextual influences on the children development in which the children were recruited from different schools. Selection of different schools ensured recruitment of children belonging to different ethnic groups and socio-demographics characteristics. Purposive sampling approach was selected to include those young children in study who were kids at the time of 9/ 11, and thus had to face the post traumatic stress caused by the situation

Children were surveyed using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale. This scale is described by Gudiño & Rindlaub (2014) as one including self reported questionnaire that need to be answered on a 4-point scale (Hardly at all, a little, pretty Much and a lot). The questionnaire assesses the frequency of symptomatology related to PTSD on the basis of symptoms identified in the diagnosis by DSM-IV. Symptoms are categorized in three clusters that are re-experiencing, arousal and avoidance.

Results

Figure 1- Age of Participants

The sample included participants belonging to three age groups. Highest number of participants was those who age from 19 to 20.

Figure 2- Gender of Participants

An equal number of males and females were taken into the study sample in order to remove any biased results based on gender differences.



Figure 3- Ethnicity of Participants

Children belonging to three ethnic groups were included in the survey as these three ethnic groups are found to be residing in highest numbers in US. Also, many studies claim the effect of trauma on these ethnic groups. This is therefore used as delimiter in the study.



Do you think disasters and terrorist attacks have any impact on children?

Hardly at AllA littlePretty MuchA lot

Frequency

Percentage

Valid Percentage

Cumulative Percentage

Valid

Hardly at all

2

4

4

4

A little

1

2

2

6

Pretty much

15

30

31

38

A lot

30

60

63

100

Total

48

96

100

Missing

System

2

4

Total

50

100

Table 1- Impact on Children

Children responses show that most of them are aware of the impacts caused by attacks or disasters on them. 90% of the participants stated that attacks and disasters either moderately or highly affect their lives.

Do you think that these attacks and disaster affect the children psychologically?

Hardly at AllA littlePretty MuchA lot

Frequency

Percentage

Valid Percentage

Cumulative Percentage

Valid

Hardly ...