Dental Caries and Salivary Parameters of Down syndrome Children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Abstract - Mouth can be observed as a door to health and hygiene. It is also considered as a mirror of the body. Having a good oral health greatly reduces the chances of having dental related issues and is able to support the teeth as well as a healthy gingival. A full dental care for prevention allows health teeth for lifetime. In the past two decades a great amount of focus has been given to oral health systems which enhance the prevention level. A complete dental care would include all beings that also include the groups with Down syndrome, impaired vision, hearing and similar types. From February 2012 to May 2012, a study of comparative cross-sectional was performed. For this study, the total quantity of children that were recruited as per the defined criteria of exclusion and inclusion was 146. This included 73 Down syndrome children and 73 normal children that age from 7 years to 12 years, in Kota Bharu.

The sample collection of unstimulated saliva and the profiles of sociodemographic were attained for testing the SIgA, salivary buffering capacity, and salivary pH. Before saliva collection, it was advised to children not eat anything before one hour of the saliva collection procedure.

According to the results the caries prevalence of deciduous dentition was much greater in the DS as compared to the normal children. However, in the permanent dentition opposite trend was found. In both study groups, the caries experience of both permanent and deciduous was alike. Interestingly in DS children compared to normal all the salivary parameters that were studied were considerably lower. Among the normal children, the caries experience of deciduous dentition showed a negative alliance with salivary buffering capacity (p= 0.008) and age (p< 0.001). caries experience of permanent dentition among both study groups showed positive association with age (p= .016). In conclusion, in the DS higher caries prevalence of deciduous dentition was originated. However, the opposite trend was showed for the caries prevalence of the permanent dentition. As compared to normal children among the DS children all parameters of salivary were lower. With increase in salivary buffering capacity and age decrease in caries experience in deciduous dentition is found among normal children. Among normal and DS children, in permanent dentition, the caries experience with increase in age showed to increase. Therefore, in dental caries incidence supplementary factors could play more significant role as it can be speculated. For future studies, the study result could be used as a baseline that regards the caries experience and its linked factors.

Keywords Buffering capacity · Saliva · Flow rate · Down syndrome

Introduction

Down syndrome

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that happens because of the trisomy of chromosome 21. The ration is about 1 to 800 till 1 to 1000 in births. Down syndrome is characterized into three types which are translocation, mosaicism and non-disjunction. The observed factors were old parental ages or cumulative effects of different types of environmental ...