Data Analysis for Economic and Social Policy

Data Analysis for Economic and Social Policy

Introduction

Employees working duration depends on numerous factors that derive the employees approach towards working status. This report aims at examining the impact of gender, age, and working level on the normal basic hours.

Data Overview

The data analyzed in this research paper is an extract from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (produced by the Office of National Statistics) that was undertaken in the Autumn of 2003 (September to November). The extract contains the individual responses recorded for all people surveyed in this period who had a workplace in Central London. The variables included in the analysis are as follows:

Identification number of participant

Age of participant in years

Normal basic hours of work

Occupation / working level

Gender

In addition, a weighting variable is included that translates the actual number interviewed into the ONS estimate of the profile of all jobs contained in Central London. This weighting variable attempts to correct for possible under- and over-representation within the achieved sample.

Research Objective

This report examines that nature of the variation in the hours that people work in Central London and considers the degree to which, and the manner in which, their hours of work are influenced by their age, their gender, and their occupation.

Results and Analysis

Table presented shows the frequency distribution of the male and female employees who were included in the study. Results showed that men had more dominancy with approximate 58.9% in the data; whereas, women representation only accounted for 41.1%.

Gender

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Male

1189

58.9

58.9

58.9

Female

829

41.1

41.1

100.0

Total

2018

100.0

100.0

Age groups of employees were categorized in four segments that include employees less than 20 years of age as young; between 21-40 years as early career starters; between 41-55 years as middle age people; and people over 55 years of age as senior employees. Majority of employees included in the analysis belonged to early career starters and middle age employee groups.

Age (Groups)

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

<= 20

56

2.8

2.8

2.8

21 - 40

1220

60.5

60.5

63.2

41 - 55

596

29.5

29.5

92.8

56+

146

7.2

7.2

100.0

Total

2018

100.0

100.0

Mean age of the employees included in the analysis was 37.7 years with standard deviation of 10.84 years. Maximum age reported was 73 years and 16 years as minimum reported age in the data.

Age

N

Valid

2018

Missing

0

Mean

37.70

Std. Deviation

10.844

Range

57

Minimum

16

Maximum

73

Majority of male employees included in the analysis belonged to early career and middle age employees group that make up 52.7% in total. However, female representation was dominated by only early career starter group.

Sex * Age (Group) Cross-tabulation

Age (Binned)

Total

<= 20

21 - 40

41 - 55

56+

Sex

Male

Count

28

664

399

98

1189

% of Total

1.4%

32.9%

19.8%

4.9%

58.9%

Female

Count

28

556

197

48

829

% of Total

1.4%

27.6%

9.8%

2.4%

41.1%

Total

Count

56

1220

596

146

2018

% of Total

2.8%

60.5%

29.5%

7.2%

100.0%

As shown in the table below, average basic working hours of all employees stood at 38.13 hours with moderate standard deviation of 9.6 hours.

Basic usual hours

N

Valid

1987

Missing

31

Mean

38.13

Std. Deviation

9.635

Range

96

Minimum

1

Maximum

97

In terms of job status level, major representation in the data has been accounted by Higher managerial and professional, Lower managerial and professional, and Intermediate occupations.

NS-SEC class (main job)

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

Higher managerial and professional

693

34.3

34.3

34.3

Lower managerial and professional

682

33.8

33.8

68.1

Intermediate occupations

275

13.6

13.6

81.8

Small employers and own account workers

74

3.7

3.7

85.4

Lower supervisory and technical

88

4.4

4.4

89.8

Semi-routine occupations

103

5.1

5.1

94.9

Routine occupations

62

3.1

3.1

98.0

Never worked, unemployed, and nec

41

2.0

2.0

100.0

Total

2018

100.0

100.0

Women's experiences in the labor force have changed significantly since the 1950s. Women are no longer relegated to the domestic sphere or “pink-collar” ...