[Critically Review the Safety and efficacy of S-Adenosylethionine(SAMe).]

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Acknowledgement

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I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Table of Contents

What Is the Scientific Evidence for SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine)?x

Osteoarthritisxi

Liver Diseasexii

Fibromyalgiaxiii

Parkinson diseasexiii

Safety Issuesxiv

Therapeutic Usesxvi

Ways To Usexvii

Possible Side EffectsError! Bookmark not defined.

Abstract

The Sadenosyl methionine (SAM) is a coenzyme involved in the transfer of methyl groups. The SAM was first discovered in Italy by Giulio Cantoni in 1952. It consists of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and methionine, a reaction which involved the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase. The metabolic pathways are used by the SAM transmethylation, trans-sulfuration and aminopropilación. Although these anabolic reactions occur throughout the body, most SAM is produced and consumed in the liver. Only (S) isomer is biologically active. The methyl group (CH 3) attached to the sulfur atom of methionine in SAM is chemically reactive. This allows the donation of this group to an acceptor substrate in transmethylation reactions. More than 40 metabolic reactions involve the transfer of a methyl group from SAM to various substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. In bacteria, SAM is bound by a riboswitch, which regulates genes involved in biosynthesis of methionine and cysteine.

Chapter 1: Introduction

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or SAM-e, "sammy") is an amino acid. The SAM-e was discovered in Italy in 1952, where it was manufactured. Until recently it was extremely expensive to produce and therefore not publicly available, although extensively studied. It is produced in the brain from another amino acid, methionine. Same O-methyl is the most active donor of the body, which means that donates methyl groups to other chemicals in the body including neurotransmitters, transforming them into other compounds. O-Same is then recycled through a new process of methylation.

The natural methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine seems to promote the production of cartilage proteoglycans, and is therapeutically beneficial for osteoarthritis. These and other security measures proteoglycan synthesis nutritional support, offering a practical means to prevent or delay the onset of arthritis in older people or athletes.

One of the most popular supplements in the U.S. market. It is an herbal product or a hormone or vitamin, or any kind of nutrient, the O-Same is a synthetic form stable S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a chemical produced naturally by all animals. It is essential in the human body in at least 35 biochemical processes, including maintenance of cell membrane structure and manufacture of vital substances for the transmission of nerve impulses that affect emotions and moods. The SAM-e was introduced in the U.S. market as a fashion supplement, articles in Newsweek, TV ads, promotional books, whole pages in many newspapers and websites. O-Same is a powerful, even magical, in the treatment of depression, arthritis ...