Criminal Profiling



Criminal Profiling

Introduction

Criminal profiling is used in order to categories and identifies the potential as well as existing preceptors. This helps the profilers to analyze the particular crime scene in respective manner several research studies have argued against the validity and reliability of this. The traditional method in criminal profiling has clearly oversimplified the criminal profiling in such as a way that there exist only two types of criminal categories; organized and unorganized. This narrow classification has been opened to tremendous unanswered questions, which requires the answer against the validity and reliability of this particular method. For instance, sometimes the criminal might be unorganized as well as organized, depending upon the crime scene circumstances. In other words, criminal classification varies at the greater length, it is not necessary to have similar characteristics of two separate criminal involved in the same type of crime. Similarly, the profile of one criminal cannot be employed to identify the character, traits and the criminal psychological behavior of the other criminal. Moreover, criminal profiling is done using different techniques and tools; however, the scientific-validity still remains the question. This criminal profiling in the latest literature is named as behavioural investigative advice.

According to the research, out of four characteristics, two characteristics can be considered essential i.e. geo-spatial and temporal perspective. On the other hand, the remaining two components dwelling characteristics and crime scene behaviors are the less important. Analyzing criminal profiling from the past literature reviews suggests multiple facts and understandings. Historical reviews for understanding the criminal profiling reveal two things. Firstly, majority of approaches are comprehended on theories, which are outdated, considerably the factors of personality, which reduces empirical support, and secondly, specialized profilers have a miserable performance testimony when the precision of their profiles have been tested. Apart from this, another important technique being used in this regard is geographical profiling. Geographic profiling is an investigating method, in which we use the locations of serial crimes to evaluate the most likely place of residence of the offender. Due to the advancements in GIS technology, crime analysis became more effective by investigating the motion place of a serial offender via journey-to-crime estimation, psychology of investigation.

Geographic profiling can be used as the deciding element in several investigations. Many other investigating methods including suspect prioritization, address searches based on police record systems, neighbourhood canvasses and searches, patrol saturation and surveillance, DNA screening. The basis of geographical profiling is the connection between crime site information and the recognized affinities of serial criminals. GIS can be utilized used to create a map of the most credible location of the criminal's centre of activity. In most cases, the center of illegal activities is the offender's residence. Here, we will discuss that how geographical profiling is helping the criminal investigation services.

Discussion

The practice of predicting personalities, behaviors, and demographic characteristics of criminals based on the evidence found on crime scene is known as Criminal Profiling (CP). This particular technique is widely used by the law enforcement agencies to reach ...