Criminal Justice



Criminal Justice

Chapter 12

Answer # 1

Ethics can be described as the moral philosophy which is concerned with the analysis of right and wrong in the particular situation. According to Immanuel Kant that ethics is the idea of good-will which is guided by the good intention. The absolute ethics has two perspectives that are either right or wrong for instance, terrorism can be the example of absolute ethics. However, the relative ethics is quite complex as compared to the absolute ethics which has the multiple sides where for one person the ethical but for the other one it may be unethical. For instance, if the person steals bread to feed his starving children hence it might seem as being ethical but for the person it seems to be ethical as in the either case his children would have died starving (Andukar, 2001).

Answer # 2

Noble cause corruption is the ethical crime which is committed in the name of good ends. The term was coined by John Woodcock in 1992 where he attempted to explain the miscarriage of justice. In short, the noble cause corruption is the police related crime wherein the police officers are involved in violating the legal ethical standards in order to benefit the society as the whole. Hence, it the corruption of police power where they misconduct and go against the ethics and justice as they perceive that the outcomes of their actions will be good (Rothlein, 2008).

Answer # 3

The police officers most frequently accept the gratuities as part of their jobs. Police officers commonly get the half price or free drinks and meals by restaurants. Moreover, officers also normally get discounts over merchandise or services by other businesses. The argument holds that the ethics of police officers are undermined and they lead to further breaches of integrity once they receive the gratuities. Recently, Withrow and Dailey offered an exclusively different point of view on gratuities. They proposed circumstantial corruptibility model which states that the exchange of gifts is persuaded by two elements. First is the role of giver and second is the role of receiver. The model promotes the police officers to consider the role of giver and also their personal intentions while taking decision about the acceptance of gratuity (Kania, 1988).

Answer # 4

The community policing can be defined as the more closer contact of police officials with the public that result in the less accountability and increased chances for the corruption activities. Not every police officer is involved in such corrupted activities but still there is a small fraction of police offers who are engaged in violating their oath by using the discretionary authority. However, the community policy needs the fundamental changes in the philosophy of police work as it contributes in causing to pose the new ethical concerns which are related with the reduction in the political and social isolation of the police officers. It then contributes in increasing the risks of corruption, favoritism, discretion, and autonomy (Nelligan and Taylor, ...