Counseling and Psychotherapy

Abstract

It is important to study psychology from different perspectives in order to understand how different beliefs, personality trait, characteristics, attitudes can influence human behaviors. Psychology is a diversified way of presenting the knowledge and findings in different topics that are centralized to psychological enquiry. There are many forms of psychological theories and each comprises of its own theoretical model and techniques of intervention therapy. This paper aims to explain and discuss the methods and techniques of psychoanalysis theory, person-centered theory and Gestalt theory.

Table of Contents

Abstract2

Introduction4

Psychoanalysis Theory4

Person-Centred Theory6

Gestalt Theory7

Conclusion10

References11

Counseling and Psychotherapy

Introduction

The counseling is a structured and permissive service that allows individuals to better understand themselves so they can be able to make positive steps in the light of the new approach they want to give their life (Palgrave, 2010). This science follows all techniques employed for aimed at developing an open relationship and permissive understanding of oneself during the treatment process and beyond and the trend towards a positive action on its own initiative (Sharf, 2007).

The form of psychotherapy and counseling explicitly or implicitly raise the question of resource changes for the client. This may be a state of relaxation, confidence, calmness, and prudence, etc. The idea is to find a resource change (inside or outside the client) and to add this resource to the problematic experience. The major counseling and psychotherapic theories that will be discussed in this paper include theory of psychoanalysis, person-centered theory and Gestalt theory (Palgrave, 2010).

Psychoanalysis Theory

The construction of the theoretical model is marked by major works between 1896, 1905, 1914, 1920 and finally 1938 (Eagle, 2010). Generally speaking, psychoanalysis is part of the body of knowledge and practices whose approach is known as theoretical and psychodynamic clinical orientation, like other theories, like those of Pierre Janet, then Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler, etc. Freudian psychoanalysis has theorized a psychological conception of the conflict dynamics of mental life, based on a dualistic view (Eagle, 2010). The Freudian perspective emphasizes to consider the symptom in its dynamic and its own psychological significance (Freud & Hall, 2012). In the first Freudian model (first topography) is the economy of unconscious desire, which is considered the engine of mental processes: repression, censorship, compromise between desire and forbidden, etc. This is from the clinic of neurosis that psychoanalytic theory and praxis could be extended to other psychiatric disorders, borderline cases, psychoses that generally need substantial adaptations of the original framework (Freud & Hall, 2012). In fact, Freud gave the name of "daydreaming" to imagine a scenario in the waking state, thus, emphasizing the analogy of such a dream with the dream. The daydreams are like nocturnal dreams, achievements of desire. Their formation mechanisms are the same, with a more pronounced secondary elaboration (Fine, 2000).

Psychoanalysis brings together following lines of thought and study (Eagle, 2010):

A corpus of theories from the analytic experience, participating in the conceptualization of the psychic apparatus, together constituting the meta psychology (including the three principles organize psychic functioning: the prospect topical, dynamic, economic);

A method of investigation of ...