Cord Clamping in Third Stage of Labour

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this chance for thanking my research facilitator, friends & family for support they provided & their belief in me as well as guidance they provided without which I would have never been able to do this research.

DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this thesis/dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, & this thesis/dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It is also representing my very own views & not essentially which are associated with university.

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ABSTRACT

This dissertation aims to discuss the issues related to umbilical cord clamping in third stage of labour, and determine the effectiveness of a two-component intervention by early to delayed clamping in decreasing infant anemia. The umbilical cord contains arteries that carry blood by the infant to placenta and veins which carry blood from the placenta to the infant. Two fundamental management options have been developed to guide practice for this stage of labour. The first is referred to as active management and other is referred as physiological management. However, this dissertation analyzes the effectiveness of a two component intervention from early to delay umbilical cord clamping and determines the effect of time-to-clamp the umbilical cord on infant anemia. The research encompasses the publications, articles and similar studies accessible on the internet, with a broad analysis of the existing literature. The findings & conclusions are based on the secondary data. The research concluded that, in order to combat infant anemia, especially in low-resource settings, the most effective strategy is to scale up interventions that are known to be effective. Delayed umbilical cord clamping has not only been proven effective in reducing infant anemia, it is also cost-free and therefore an appropriate and sustainable intervention. However, longer follow-up studies are needed to identify how long the effect of delayed clamping on infant status can last, especially in infants born to anemic women.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Problem Statement2

Aims and objectives of the study2

Research Questions3

Significance of the Study3

Outline of the Study3

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW5

Placental Transfusion5

Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping6

Determinants of Birth Iron Stores8

Consequences of Infant Anemia10

Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia11

Infant Anemia12

CHAPTER 03: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY13

Research Methods13

Qualitative Research Method13

Quantitative Research Method14

Research Design14

Search Technique16

Secondary Research16

Advantages of Secondary Research17

Disadvantages of Secondary Research17

Inclusion and exclusion criteria18

CHAPTER 04: DISCUSSION19

Current Practices of Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping19

Delayed Over Early Umbilical Cord Clamping20

Effectiveness of Delayed Cord Clamping21

Effectiveness of Two Component Intervention Designed21

Hospital policies in Practice22

Implications Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping24

Implementation on Recommendations by WHO25

PAHO recommendations for Practice26

Implementation of Recommendations26

Benefits of Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping27

Disadvantages of Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping28

CHAPTER 05: CONCLUSION29

Recommendations for Future Study30

REFERENCES31

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Umbilical cord clamping occurs during the third stage of labour. Two fundamental management options have been developed to guide practice for this stage of labour. The first is referred to as active management (also called routine or prophylactic management) and involves prophylactic administration of an oxytocic drug, early ...