COMMUNITY POLICING

Restorative Justice and Community Policing

Restorative Justice and Community Policing

Community Policing

In Community Policing (CP), it is essential to promote cooperation between the police and the public to identify and solve community problems. This sophisticated approach to police work requires an untroubled relationship of trust between the people and their police. This confidence is based on a high, preventive police presence in the villages, coupled with strong local knowledge and milieu. The concept of community policing can be characterized locally as a joint effort by the police and the community to identify problems of crime and disorder, in which all players try to find solutions to the problems (Bowling, Phillips, 2003, p. 528-555). The base is characterized by mutual benefit relationship between the police and members of the community who can help solve the current problems in the community associated with crime, fear of crime, social or physical disorder and the decline of neighborhoods. "Community policing is a new philosophy of policing based on the concept that creative forms of interaction between police officers to citizens can contribute to solving current problems in communities with crime, fear of crime, social or physical disorder and the decline of Neighborhoods are connected" (Bowling, Phillips, 2003, p. 528-555). The concept of Community Policing comes from the United States and is an overall social approach to crime and traffic accident prevention at the community level. Under the increasing motorization of police suffered from the direct contact between the public and the police. Thus, different Community Policing models were created that were acquired abroad. The German-speaking Switzerland have created their own Community Policing approaches, however, also maintaining the western Swiss corps appropriate doctrines, the same most likely as the American 'Neighborhood Watching'. Canton first pioneer to introduce Community Policing approaches in the second half of the nineties was Basel-Stadt. In particular, city police forces maintain the Community Policing philosophy, because it has a special significance for the management of public space (Matthews, Pitts, 2001, p. 55-57).

In the 1960s, against the background of decay in American cities, concepts were discussed that were supposed to contribute to local crime prevention (Matthews, Pitts, 2001, p. 55-57). Three studies from the United States can be regarded as background theories:

Herman Goldstein was born in 1979 in an essay to the conclusion that the police again focus more on their core goals and are based more on the needs of the people who should be in terms of problem-oriented work.

1982, James Wilson and George Kelling dealt with the question of the impact of the uncertainty of the citizens. They found that in addition to the actual crime and the feeling of insecurity has a huge impact on the perceived safety of a person. The result is that citizens avoid unsafe areas and additional criminals are attracted.

The Chicago School saw the causes of the few areas concentrating on crime in the social disintegration of the respective districts (Matthews, Pitts, 2001, p. 55-57).

From these assumptions out developed several prevention approaches, such as the Community Policing, ...