COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Community Health Nursing

Community Health Nursing

Question A

In the Western world, the principles of individual autonomy) and informed consent are primary. In other cultures, family and community decision-making are thought to be the best. Therefore, those health care workers trained in the Western mode may promote those perceptions when attempting to provide care for a dying patient.

The autonomy of the individual is the principle of medical ethics, based on the unity of the doctor and patient, suggesting their mutual dialogue, in which the right of choice and responsibility is concentrated entirely in the hands of a doctor, but shared between him and the patient (Ferrans, 1996). This is a growing perception about the quality of life and health promotion. According to this principle, a decision is made based on mutual respect between doctor and patient, and their active co-participation in this process, which requires competence, awareness of patient and voluntary decision (Moons, Budts & De Geest, 2006). Sophisticated medical interventions are conducted with the written consent of the patient, after listening to the possible results. Ethical basis of the principle of individual autonomy advocates recognition of patient's independence and self-determination. Thus, respect for autonomy applies primarily to the individual that has the ability and the right to control his live and health, up to the conscious refusal of treatment, even if this decision will cost him or her life. The principle of individual autonomy is closely linked to another fundamental principle of medical ethics, which is informed consent (Ferrans, 1996).

Informed consent is the principle of medical ethics that requires respect for the patient's right to know the truth about his or her health condition, the existing methods of treatment for illness and the risk associated with each of them. In the autonomous model of relations, this principle is not a gesture of good will or desire of a doctor, but it is his duty. Correct information on the health status and prognosis of the patient gives an opportunity to dispose of his dignity and the right to life, allowing him the freedom of voluntary choice (Moons, Budts & De Geest, 2006).

Another personal perception, which may influence my care for the patient is that knowing she had a family history of breast cancer why did she not have frequent checkups and why having been diagnosed with breast cancer did she not elect bilateral radical mastectomy. The patient seems to cope by denial. As further evidenced by the fact that she forgoes pain medication because she does not to become addicted.

Question B

Cancer patients need to have an effective treatment through both medical and psychological approach. These approaches are essential for cancer patients because they often experience depression and emotional discomfort. As a result, cancer patients need to have emotional support of family members and friends. This is crucial through the entire stages of care for the cancer patients and family members, as well. It is essential to remember that family members such as husband, wife, or children need emotional support throughout the ...