COMMUNICATION IN HUMAN AND NONHUMAN SOCIETY

Communication In Human And Nonhuman Society

Communication In Human And Nonhuman Society

Introduction

There have been thousands of research projects concerning socio-cultural experiments and interpretations. Due to this? observations have been recorded on social and family groups within the human primate and non-human primate society; as well as the similarities between them and the deviant? aberrant behavior patterns that result. In the smaller primates there are 2 major classes of monkey Old World? which are tree dwellers and will regularly come down from the treetops to forage for food and have cheek pouches for carrying it? and New World monkeys who show sexual dimorphism. Old World monkeys have pads for sitting called ischial callosities and have a more opposable thumb than the New World monkeys. New World monkeys are the only group that has a prehensile tail (Goodall 1983). Old World monkeys will be the primary focus of the forthcoming information.

Primary Groups

The art of communication isn't just in the realm of human apes. Human apes? otherwise known as human beings? regularly enforce and execute the activities of primary and secondary groups. In human activity primary groups are formed through common beliefs and values and as (Fossey 2000) define it "Primary Groups: small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships." Although others such as Cooley; famous for building upon the sociological works of William James has defined Primary Groups in this manner: "I mean those characterized by intimate face-to-face association and cooperation. They are primary in several senses but chiefly in that they are fundamental in forming the social nature and ideals of individuals. The result of intimate association? psychologically? is a certain fusion of individualities in a common whole? so that one's very self? for many purposes at least? is the common life and purpose of the group. Perhaps the simplest way of describing this wholeness is by saying that it is a ''we. (Strum & Schaller 1990)"

"Humans in primary groups regularly enforce and place sanctions on deviant behavior by ignoring the behavior? possibly teaching more correct behavior or if extreme deviance occurs? the person could be ostracized? jailed or even killed.

Like humans? non-human primates enforce and expect the members of their primary groups to follow rules? norms? folkways and mores that the group leader has set. Unlike humans? monkeys view the deviance of accepted norms (folkways and mores) completely unacceptable? and a threat to their very lives. Sanctions or punishment that the monkey (usually the dominant male) will place upon the bad behavior can range anywhere from hair pulling? screaming at the monkey that has misbehaved or sanctions

Familial Relationships

Borgmeyer can even result in death. At the very least? the member of the group that has broken the rules will be made to feel ashamed. Even the simple act of yawning while failing to conceal the teeth? can result in a brutal? vicious attack to teach the transgressor proper etiquette and submissive or group behavior. This leads to the question of where the human ...