Children and Social Development

Children and Social Development

Development of a child is the terminology that is utilized to explain the course in which a child takes mastery in fundamental capabilities to assist it in holding speed as it becomes mature. In broad requisites, the normal child will grow on particular phases at certain ages/time periods. These stages are usually acknowledged as “Milestones”. A kid often will call for reaching a particular landmark prior to his brain or body is containing the constructive units to shift to the other one. In this paper, theory of development by Erik Erickson and Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development will be discussed.

Erik Erickson's Theory of Development

The psychoanalyst Erik Erikson (1902 - 1994) extended his work in the classical psychoanalysis to the psycho-social and psycho-historical dimension. The child's identity unfolds in Tension between the child's needs and the requirements of social environment. The interaction between the child and his environment is therefore crucial for its development. Each of the eight steps represents a specific conflict whose Management provides the foundation to manage the crisis of the next phase.

Phase 1: Trust vs. Primal mistrust (infancy)

In this first phase, the child develops the sense of identity and sense of belonging to the society. Once the child has learned that the mother can temporarily leave, but always comes back, it acquires Basic trust in the human community and is emerging a sense, even in be canceled an order and surrounded by meaningful actions to. Will the child demands for physical closeness, security, safety, food etc. denied, it develops a feeling of threat and fear, as a far-reaching Meeting these needs is vital. Second, it internalizes the Feel they can not influence his environment and their helpless to be. A primal distrust can establish himself. Infantile can fear of "Left blank one" and "abandonment" arise.

Phase 2: Autonomy vs.. Shame and doubt (infancy)

The development of children's autonomy is based on the acquired basic trust on. The condition of autonomy is rooted in a firm belief in the Caregivers and act in itself, the feeling of his will may, without the basic security is threatened. The restriction the exploratory behaviors of the child leads to doubts about the Correctness of one's own desires and needs. Thus, a fundamental shame arises when the child is in his autonomy not recognized as an individual.

Phase 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (Playing age)

In this phase opens the symbiotic relationship between mother and child, and the child develops a sense of social roles and institutions. At this stage the child also asked after physical and mental development. Is no ground for this development, prepares, a sense of guilt in relation to this new initiative result. If necessary, the child internalizes the Belief that the firm and its needs are essentially bad. If the separation of the mother and the practice of social roles fails may paralyzed the development of the child and even psychosomatic Diseases are caused.

Phase 4: Performance vs. Inferiority (school age)

In this stage, the child develops ...