CASE STUDY

Case Study

Abstract

This paper describes a particular case study, which shows how the person manages pain in a particular situation. The paper first describes the scenario and then theoretical principles of Levinson life theory, which is related to his behaviour . It then describes culture, values, beliefs, norms, and impact on health, life style choices, and risk behaviours regarding this concept. It then describes about the substance, its overdose management, and discharge plan, which should be given by health care providers at the time of discharge.

Introduction

Jeffrey is a 35-year-old ex Australian Rules footballer, who had 2 times total knee reconstructions done, during his football career and re-injured his knee while playing football with his children in the back yard. He was having severe pain, so he started taking Nurofen plus tablets (ibuprofen + codeine sulphate) to relive his knee pain, without any doctor's prescription. He had taken 10 tablets a day for 6 days of this medicine and then he developed abdominal pain and dark bowel. He went to hospital where he was given intravenous therapy of Normal Saline over 6 hours and then IV Pantoprazole 40 mg stat and s/c morphine 10 mg 4 hourly. The scenario describes about the human behaviour, how a person behaves when encounters pain.

Discussion

Levinson Theory of Development

The Levinson theory of development described about human development and the development of human behaviour. Levinson theory described the developmental stages that people go through. This theory is based on the life structure and pattern. He explained that the people's life structure is influenced by their social and physical environment. Many people's life structures involve family and their work, as well as religion and economic status. Levinson described four "seasonal cycles," which are preadulthood, adulthood, middle adulthood, and the late adulthood. Early adulthood begins when people start careers and families. After the age thirty, people work toward their career advancement. During middle adulthood, people work toward cultivating their skills. The late adulthood is a time to evaluate the successes and failures and enjoy the life based on their successes. According to him, person develops healthy personality by addressing their life's outer as well as inner dangers. Each seasonal cycle has a specific period, when the personality of person develops. He demonstrated how a person learns from the crises in life and finds new ways to get healthy solution to make life free of crises in each development cycle of their life (Sigelman, & Rider, 2011, pp. 372).

Culture, Values, Beliefs and Norms and Impact on Health Associated with Concept of Pain

The tolerance of pain differs in people of different cultural groups. Some have a greater tolerance to pain and some have less. Some can tolerate pain for longer periods. The meaning of pain is different to different people. Individuals of different cultures react differently to pain. Pain tolerance is influenced by social, psychological, and cultural factors. Some people shout and scream, when they develop pain. They think that screaming is the best way to express their ...