CANCER

Tumor Markers

Table of Contents

Introduction3

Cancer3

Tumor Growth5

Causes of Cancer6

Risk factors for cancer7

Tumor Diagnosis8

Tumor Marker9

Marker Cancer Detection9

Tumor Markers in Monitoring Therapy and Follow-up10

Smoking and Passive Smoking12

Most Common Market Tumors12

CA 15-312

CA 19-913

AFP13

Liver Cell Cancer13

SCC13

Conclusion14

Tumor Markers

Introduction

Cancer is a very dangerous disease as it the live of a person if not treated properly. Hence, it relates to the immense fear among the people around the world. According to various studies, Cancer is the most common factor that causes death among people all over the world. It accounted for 7.6 million deaths in the year 2008.

The major reason for the spread of cancer is the excess usage of tobacco, alcoholism, insufficient and inadequate dietary intake, and lack of physical activity. It has also been estimated that more than 30 percent of deaths caused by cancer can be prevented, but lack of awareness and lifestyle factors contribute to the instantaneous death rate because of the said disease. The rate is quite alarming because approximations show that, by the year 2030, death rates would increase to over 11 million.

Cancer

Cancer is an abnormality, a disorder that affects the cells of our body. Our body consists of a multitude of cells; each specialized in a function, such as filter impurities from the blood (renal cell) or transport oxygen throughout the body (blood cells).

These cells have their life cycle: Every day, thousands of them die (known as apoptosis, i.e. programmed cell death) and are replaced by new cells. The cells renew themselves by dividing (Blau H. M & Springer, M.L, 2009, pp. 138-333). There are over one hundred forms of cancer, the severity varies. All parts of the body can be affected. Cancer takes place when the transformed cells of the body (cell form) to the abnormal cells are divided without control or order.

It consists of each element in the human body from various types of cells that are mainly divided in a systematic manner to produce more cells as needed to compensate for the damaged cells and maintain the survival of the body in general health. These cells are closer to the bricks in the idea that it consists of any building, and the entire cell consists of building secure rights.

The human body consists of billions of cells with different functions, A cell in the eye have the ability to vision, and the cell in the ear has the ability to hear, and the cell in the breast has the ability to milk secretion, and cell heart has the ability to contract and pump blood, but they are all subject for accurate system in the division and secreted and functions, if one cell out of those billions from the system and the split divisions of abnormal and irregular cells without the need for new, they have a number of cells than is required and will consist of our excess tissue and then lead to the appearance of block (this block is a large number of cells that are not subject to the regime divisive year (Cross, D, 2010, ...