CALIFORNIA TIGER SALAMANDER

California Tiger Salamander

California Tiger Salamander

The California tiger salamander ("Ambystoma californiense") is an endangered amphibian native to Northern California. Previously considered to be a Tiger Salamander subspecies, the California tiger salamander, which is endemic, was recently designated a separate species (Petranka, 2008).

With its wide mouth charmingly outlined in yellow, the California tiger salamander always looks like it's smiling. But this beautiful amphibian is a discriminating species that can only thrive in unique — and now extremely rare — habitats. As California's vernal pools, grasslands, and oak woodlands disappear, the tiger salamander has fewer and fewer reasons to grin (Loredo, 2006). The species' plight is particularly extreme in Sonoma County, where development threatens 95 percent of remaining salamander habitat, and the Santa Barbara population — although it was luckily listed as federally endangered in 2000 — is still on the verge of winking out (Holland, 2006).

The Center has advocated hard to protect the California tiger salamander under both the federal and the California Endangered Species Act, as well as to force designation of critical habitat (Beneski 2008). Thanks to our actions, the Sonoma and Santa Barbara populations have been federally listed as endangered, the central California population is considered threatened, central California salamanders have been granted critical habitat, and the Sonoma population is on its way toward habitat protections. The California Fish and Game Commission was ordered to accept the Center's 2004 petition to list the entire species statewide, and in early 20010 finally granted the species state protection (Barry, 2007).

However, the critical habitat designation for the central California population — made in 2005 under political influence — illegally slashed critical habitat in half, and in the same year, the Sonoma County population's critical habitat was completely eliminated. The Center submitted a notice of intent to sue the Bush administration over these and 53 other wrongfully made Endangered Species Act decisions in 2007, and we sued the next year. Our efforts paid off in August 2009, when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed to designate 74,223 acres of critical habitat for the Sonoma County salamanders. Through our Pesticides Reduction Campaign, we're also challenging the Environmental Protection Agency's registration and authorization-for-use of 46 toxic pesticides in and upstream of habitats for San Francisco Bay Area endangered species, including the California tiger salamander (Petranka, 2008).

Appearance

One of the largest terrestrial salamanders in North America, with a large robust body, a massive head, and stout ...