The capacity of public administration pertains to the formulation and execution of the government policy and is an academic discipline that guides and prepares the civil servants for this work. Being a field of inquiry public administration has a broad scope of roles and responsibilities and performs the basic goal of advancing the policies and management in order to enable the government to function. The concept of public administration primarily focuses upon the organization of government programmes and policies as and overlooks the management of the bureaucracy, structure and outcome performance of the organization. The paper discusses the major theories of bureaucracy and organizational structure that command the outcome of the organizational performance.
Discussion
Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy pertains to the group of officials within other institutions or government that are non-elected officials and develop and execute the laws, rules, functions, and ideas in their respective institutions. The derivation of the term "bureaucracy" has been obtained by a French word that references all the clerks, scribes, functionaries, and numerous other officials serving the role of "middle men" in government, in a negative manner. Bureaucracy is seen by the French as a threatening "fifth branch of government". The concept has received negative connation since the beginning (Rainey, Hal, 2009). For instance, during the year 1930, Harold Laski, in the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, defined bureaucracy as a governmental system which is concerned with the management and control and is entirely in the hands of officials.
The ordinary citizens are jeopardized by their power from their liberties; the features of which consist of the sacrifice of flexibility to rule, a passion for routine in administration, decision making delays, and a denial to embark upon experiment (Laski 1930:70). Referring to bureaucracy, the Austrian libertarian and economist Ludwig von Misses said that even the worst form and type of law is a lot better than the tyranny of bureaucracy. Max Weber, a well-known sociologist, usually considered as the pioneer of bureaucracy, described the terms as pertaining to the organization of administrative hierarchy that is featured by a highly specialized division of labour, depicting loyalty to the office, and impersonal relationships based on power, prestige, and control.
The influence of Weber was definitely greater on his people due to his deep insights a master trend into bureaucracy (Gerth & Mills 1976). except a minor trend of sociology given by Selznick (1943) and foreshadowed by Barnard (1938), that maintains that the leadership development is assisted by the expanding bureaucracy, most of the learned inquiry from the early 1940s was geared towards searching for ways to reform, downsize, reorganize, manage, or reengineer the element of bureaucracy so that it could be made more humane, accountable, and further responsive. Marx has always criticized the concept of bureaucracy in this particular direction, and argued that the bureaucrats actually manage the class conflict very well.
Theories
Marx's Theory of Alienation
Marx advanced his speculation of distance to disclose the human action that falsehoods out of date indifferent powers ruling social ...
