Building Services

Abstract

This paper is all about building services necessary for any construction site. It includes ventilation systems, heating systems, environmental control systems, domestic hot water services. It also includes the working of all systems necessary for the operation of building. The installation of services depends upon the structure of building. It also depends upon the quality of the equipment used in installation. Environmental monitoring provides data and information of equipments installed in the building to monitor the performance of all systems.

Abstract2

Introduction5

Heating Systems6

Utilization of Photovoltaic Cells8

Ventilation System9

Types of Natural Ventilation Systems10

Types of mechanical ventilation systems13

Extraction mechanical13

Inflation mechanical13

Systems Balanced Mechanical Exhaust and Supply Air14

LPCV Ventilation System15

LPCV construction16

Hot water Services16

Working18

Temperature Modulation Control19

Demand Control19

Environmental Monitoring19

Utilization of Optical Sensors20

Applications21

Service Distribution and Monitoring21

Circuit Diagram of Heating System22

Water Level Monitoring System22

Microcontroller Based Monitoring System23

Service Installation and Building Structure23

Horizontal Distribution23

Concealment of Terminal Connections24

References25

Building Services

Introduction

The building services include services which are necessary for the residents and without it they cannot live in a building structure. It includes heating systems, ventilation systems, domestic hot water services, and environmental control systems. Solar thermal panel is also used provide heat to the building. The main applications of solar thermal energy at present are heating swimming pools, heating water for domestic use and heating of buildings. For these purposes, the general practice is the use of solar energy collectors for flat plates with a fixed orientation. When a heating of buildings is the main consideration, the highest efficiency of a flat plate collector set is obtained if it faces approximately south and leaning at an angle to the horizon equal to the latitude of about 15 degrees.

Ventilation system provides the fresh air to the people of building. It includes air vacuum ducts for the passage of air. Different ducts are also used for ventilation. LPCV provides huge space for the passage of air because most of the conducting ducts do not provide proper space for the passage of air (David et.al, 2007). The use of cross ventilation type low profile (LPCV) in free stall buildings represents a new option for dairy cattle. This system allows producers to control the environment during all seasons of the year, which ends up providing a setting similar to the thermal neutral zone in which dairy cows can be maintained both in summer and winter, resulting in maintenance of body temperature more stable. Hot water services are also required for the residents of building.

In hotel, multi-family, and model buildings, a centralized (DHW) domestic hot water system is frequently used to provide hot water services which include one or more recirculation loops (RL), to supply hot water services from hot mechanical ducts to all areas of building. It is necessary to monitor the environment from one end, for this purpose an environmental monitoring system is used. It includes SCADA monitoring systems which utilize sensors to control the conditions of the environment.

Heating Systems

Solar collectors fall into two broad categories: non-concentrating and concentrate. In non-concentrating type, the collector area (i.e. the area that intercepts the solar radiation) is ...