BLOOD GLUCOSE

Blood Glucose



Blood Glucose

Introduction

Glucose is derived from digestion of dietary carbohydrates, breakdown of glycogen in the liver (glycogenolysis) and production of glucose from amino acid precursors in the liver (gluconeogenesis). In ruminants, the main source of glucose is gluconeogenesis from volatile fatty acids (prioponate) absorbed from rumen by bacterial fermentation. Glucose is the principal source of energy for mammalian cells. Uptake is mediated by a group of membrane transport proteins, called glucose transporters (GLU), some of which are insulin-dependent, e.g. GLU-4. (BaumD, 2010 : 695)

The blood glucose concentration is influenced by hormones which facilitate its entry into or removal from the circulation. The hormones affect glucose concentrations by modifying glucose uptake by cells (for energy production), promoting or inhibiting gluconeogenesis, or affecting glycogenesis (glycogen production) and glycogenolysis. The most important hormone involved in glucose metabolism is insulin. (Baum 2009: 93)

A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in your blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrate foods. It is the main source of energy used by the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps your body's cells use the glucose. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released into the blood when the amount of glucose in the blood rises. (Clowes, 2009: 684)

Method Section

The method is based on a lab report. The introduction of a lab report states the purpose of your experiment. Your hypothesis should be included in the introduction, as well as a brief statement about how you intend to test your hypothesis. To be sure that you have a good understanding of your experiment, some educators suggest writing the introduction after you have completed the methods and materials, results, and conclusion sections of your lab report.First we did the fasting glucose test by puncture the middle finger by lancet and Freestyl device has been used to measure the glucose. then we did the same procedure following the ingestion of 75g of glucose.

Depending on the purpose of testing, glucose may be measured on a fasting basis (collected after an 8- to 10-hour fast), randomly (anytime), post prandial (after a meal), and/or as part of an oral glucose challenge or tolerance test (OGTT / GTT).

Blood glucose is often measured as part of a group of tests, such as a CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel), during routine physicals. This is done to screen for diabetes, which often causes no symptoms early in its course, and for pre-diabetes - moderately increased blood glucose levels that indicate an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. For screening purposes, a CMP or blood glucose test is performed on a fasting basis (fasting blood glucose, FBG).

Many pregnant women are screened for gestational diabetes, a temporary form of hyperglycemia, between their 24th and 28th week of pregnancy using a version of the OGTT, a 1-hour glucose challenge (GCT). For this test, a woman is given a standard amount of a glucose solution to drink. After one hour, her glucose level is measured and if the level is higher than a defined ...