BIOLOGY

Urine Analysis Methods

Table of Contents

Introduction2

Main Content3

Procedure of Analysis of Urine in Lab3

MAST Urine Screening System5

Cell Counting Method: Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber and Kova disposable chamber5

Analytical Profile Index (API):6

Chromogenic agar: Oxoid - Chromogenic UTI and Bio-Rad - Uriselect7

Colony Counting Method8

Oxoid Brilliance UTI9

Phase Contrast Microscopy10

Dipslides11

Antimicrobial Disc Susceptibility Tests12

iQ200 Automated Urinalysis System13

Sysmex-UF-1000i Biomerieux15

Dipstick Testing15

IDS RapID Systems: Remel-RapID SS/U17

Standard culture media18

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)19

Conclusion20

References22

Urine Analysis Methods

Introduction

Urine testing and analysis evaluates different Urine samples, which is produced by kidneys and as a waste product. Its analysis can reveal a lot of information about a person's health and can help in identification of numerous illnesses. There are numerous tests which can be done on the urine. Normally a urine analysis includes the test of colour as it can be affected by many different constituents and anomalies. Other than the colour urine is tested through its clarity, odour and specific gravity checking. Any disease may change these features of urine which is tested through different methods. Strength of pH, presence of protein, glucose, nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and ketones are also tested in urine. We are instructed to develop a plan of establishing a comprehensive Urine Bench at country hospital. We will be evaluating a number of methods used to analyse urine. We will explore phase contrast microscopy, antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests, cell counting method, and disk sensitivity testing method, Sysmex-UF-1000i Biomerieux, dipstick testing and URiSCAN S300 Urine Analyser. We will explore the advantages, disadvantages and the cost benefit analysis of these testing methods which can be established in the Urine Bench.

Main Content

There is numerous method for Urine samples analysis. With the advancement in the technology, more versatile machines have become available over time which carries out a wide range of analysis (Porth, 2010). These machines are most very complicated and not easy to use. The manual analysis methods are available but the accuracy of these methods are questionable as well as their consistency and reliability.

Procedure of Analysis of Urine in Lab

Handling of Specimen

The urine transportation and collection containers must not contain any interfering substances or particles.

The containers must have lease secure lid as well as be made of break-resistant plastic.

The standards by specified by NCCLS guidelines states the container to have the capacity of 50ml, contains a wide base with container opening of at least 4cm.

The containers and tubes must be labelled as per the standards.

The urine samples must be inspected within 2 hours of collection. If it's not possible then the samples must be refrigerated at 2-8o C.

In case of chemical preservation, appropriate specimen to additive ratio should be maintained so that accuracy can be maintained in the test results.

Special consideration must be taken for labels to be placed on the tubes and specimen.

The volume of the specimen should be adequate while collecting and then also while transferring.

The collection date and time must be known as many tests require the specimen to be collected at a particular time.

Collection method must be known as the numerous tests ...