Behaviorism



Abstract

Behaviorism is the name of the epistemological concept, behavior of humans and animals by scientific methods - without introspection or empathy - to investigate and explain. Important pioneering work was also contributed by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov's experiments with classical conditioning of behavior. In behaviorism, social and techno culture techniques have been developed, but it offers not only classical or operant conditioning, but also a positive intentioned social utopia, such as those drafted by Skinner in his novel Walden. The main protagonists of behaviorism include Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, John Broadus Watson and Burrus F. Skinner. Behaviorism has been one of the widely studied and widely practiced theories. The closeness of the theory to human nature is another paradigm that is studied. Behaviorism

Introduction

The behaviorism is a psychological approach that is focused on the observed behavior, which is determined by the environment and the history of interaction between the individual and its environment. Behaviorism is the name of the epistemological concept, behavior of humans and animals by scientific methods - without introspection or empathy - to investigate and explain. Behaviorism was important for preliminary work of Edward Lee Thorndike by John B. Watson at the beginning of the 20th Century and founded in the 1950s, mainly by BF Skinner popularized as equally radicalized (Baum, 2004). Important pioneering work was also contributed by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov's experiments with classical conditioning of behavior. In behaviorism, social and techno culture techniques have been developed, but it offers not only classical or operant conditioning, but also a positive intentioned social utopia, such as those drafted by Skinner in his novel Walden.

In the U.S., the proponents of behaviorism were for decades the most influential behavioral scientists at universities and determined opponents of the same emerging psychoanalytic directions. Also in Europe since the 1930s, animal psychology resulting etiology could not gain a foothold in the U.S. because of the local dominance of behaviorism. On the findings of behavioral research to support various behavioral procedures, including the so-called systematic desensitization of patients with a phobia and the treatment of infantile autism, but also the modern training of dogs and circus animals. In addition, the programmed learning, language laboratories and today's popular PC programs for self-study of foreign languages are a practical application of behavioral theory (Baum, 2004). For example, the learning is described as a change in behavior observed due to the change in the force with which a response is associated with stimuli outside (external environment) or internal stimuli (internal environment) on the body .

Discussion

Etymology

Behaviorism is derived from the word behavior.

History of Behaviorism

Historically, behaviorism appeared in response to approaches known as mentalist who sees in "the mental cause of all action" defended the introspection as a method of access to the understanding of the mind. Next, the impact of Sigmund Freud and structuralist theories, psychology is shared between Europeans and Americans, who continued perception and behaviorism respectively (Moore, 1981).

In 1913 , John Broadus Watson established the basic principles of by saying, in an article entitled ...