[Background on Saudi Arabia from 1932 till date]

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DECLARATION

I [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University (Richard, 1998).

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Abstract

In this study we try to explore the history and modernization of “Saudi Arabia” in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on “Saudi Arabia” and different aspects of Saudi Nation. Finally the research describes various factors which are responsible for the development in Saudi and tries to describe the overall impact of Saudi Arabia on the region (Richard, 1998).



Introduction to Kingdom to Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi is the prime state in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia borders Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Oman and Yemen. Many boundaries are set by the former colonial powers, which is especially evident by the linear gradients in the north. In the east and west, the land of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia is an Asian country that makes up most of the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia is often called the Land of Two Mosques referring to Mecca and Medina - the two main holy cities of Islam. Saudi Arabia, with its enormous reserves of oil is the most vital state of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In 2009, ranked second in the world oil producer and exporter (after Russia). The exports of crude oil accounts up to 95% of exports are 75% of the country's income making it possible to maintain the welfare state (Anne, 2003).

The government is based on Sharia, Islamic law, which is interpreted according to the strict Hanbali rite by the senior religious scholars. Saudi Arabia had no printed constitution until March 1992 when a series of royal decrees established a list of rights, increased the powers of provincial governments and endowed the country with an advisory council of sixty members appointed by the monarch (Leslie, 2000). Saudi Arabia offers areas of outstanding natural beauty with plenty of oases, spectacular mountains, beaches and rivers. Its cities, though devoid of nightlife, are full of cafes and restaurants. Also, many shops of all kinds from the souks to large shopping centres can be seen. In fact, large cities are usually very modern with all amenities of the highest calibre. Visitors will find that, while respecting the customs and views of its inhabitants, will be treated cordially (Anne, 2003).

Climate

In the north is subtropical and in the south - a tropical, continental and dry. Summer in Saudi Arabia is very hot, and winter is almost warm. The average July temperature in Riyadh, ranging from 26 ° C to 42 ° C in January, it is 8 ° C to 21 ° C, absolute maximum 48 ° C in the south to 54 ° C. (Climate and Atmosphere, 2011) (Stephen, ...