Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder reflects the lack of concentration and stillness in children, these children keep on wondering and talking continuously. As per the definition of ADHD i.e. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is defined as the typical state in which children are affected adversely and usually occurs in adulthood. Problems related to ADHD are lack of attention, being hyperactive, impetuous attitude. These children are struggling to cope up with low self esteem, distorted affiliation, bad performance in school. As per statistics, there are three to five percent children affected by ADHD in USA (Sharp & Odle, 2009, p. 1).

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is referred to describe a cluster of symptoms that formulate a neuron developmental disorder in which the child struggles to control impulses, manage behavior, in listening to directions or guidelines. The reason being the inclusion of ADHD in this encyclopedia is due to its significance in being one of the most commonly occurring pediatric disorders and most likely to be treated by a primary care provider. The disease can also be treated in variety of settings including child guidance clinics and other outpatient mental health treatment environments. Treatment may include medication management, psychosocial interventions, or a combination of both that engages parental figures, other family members, and other individuals attached with the child.

Causes of ADHD

The science has suggested so far that the cause of ADHD is yet not known. However, it has been proved so far to a little that this issue can be developed due to inheritance from family such as any one of the parents, increases the chance of developing this disorder. In addition, the poor health of mother during pregnancy, poor diet during pregnancy, infection, viral, substance abuse such as drugs during pregnancy. Other than that this disease is also formed due to serious brain injury, and neural disorder. The primary procedure that leads to this disease is the chemical imbalance in the brain that serves the function of sending signals for performing various other functions (Sharp & Odle, 2009, p. 1).

Disturbed functionality of brain also is one of the factors contributing to ADHD along with anatomy, which is used for determining the structure of brain in children. The confusing issues resulting from signs of ADHD and other similar disorders have a tendency to misguide doctor to identify the true cause of distorted behavior in children such as child abuse, family based disorders. As per statistics, 3% to 5% of students in USA have been misdiagnosed as ADHD i.e. 1.35 million to 2.225 million. It is understood that the cause of the disease is abnormal neurobiological pulse processing between cortical and sub-cortical structures. The pathos-physiology is considered the equivalent of the metabolic disorder of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and nor epinephrine (Iara, et. al., 2011).

Epidemiology of ADHD

Usually the signs and symptoms of the disease are prevalent and visible before the age of seven indicating troubled behaviors (Akinbami, L.J. et al, 2011). To be diagnosed with the disorder, a child must ...