ASSIGNMENT

Assignment



Assignment

1a. Explain the basic operation of a typical 8-bit microprocessor with reference to the major components, internal buses, registers, instruction set, memory etc.

Internal records

Within the 8-bit microprocessor there is a series of memoirs which, being internal are handled specially. These memory locations are called registers and have a general utility or a specific utility.

Records

Records contain information of 8 bits. These are the variables of the processor.

Data records

These are used for arithmetic and logic operations, data manipulation, etc.

Address registers

Address registers are those that the 8-bit microprocessor uses to access a memory location on the map. There are essentially three:

Program counter register is normally used for reading or writing data to the program.

Stack pointer is the register that the microprocessor uses to store and retrieve data using primarily internal. The register defines the memory location where such data.

Index registers are used to access memory locations in relative terms.

Status register

It is a register in which 8-bit gives specific information, such as the last operation as positive, or negative has been zero (Tredennick, 1996, pp. 27-37).

Internal Buses

As for memory address and read data, it is necessary to organize buses. Internal buses are required to access different parts of the 8-bit processor circuit. One of the characteristics of 8-bit microprocessors is that the data, addresses and other control lines may be shared by different circuits (Shima, 1996, pp. 89-93).

In an 8-bit microprocessor system there are three buses:

Address bus - By selecting the memory location or the device you are going to write or read data. The size or number of lines that compose it depends on the chip we use.

Data bus - Is the set of lines through which data is transmitted. An 8 bit microprocessor is often divided by the number of bits that forms the data. This evolution has been forced by the computer every time you need a higher performance.

Bus Control - In addition to data and addresses, there are other lines used to control the system. One of these lines is to reset (initialization of the microprocessor).

Data Bus (Bus = communication cable, which carries the data)

The 8-bit microprocessor reads and writes data to main memory devices and input / output. These transfers are made through a set of wires that form the data bus.

ROM

Contains the system control program, depending on the microprocessor that is used, it can be anywhere in the memory map or in a particular area. For example, the R6502, a ROM must occupy the top, since it is there where the reset and interrupt vectors.

RAM

The system memory contains data or program. Depending on the chip you use can in one or more areas of the memory map. Circuit input / output (I / O devices). Circuits enable communication between the microprocessor and the outside. This may include display, keyboard, analogue-digital (A / D) or digital-analogue (D / A), etc.

In addition to these fundamental elements in any system must have the oscillator circuit, which is what is synchronizing the operation of the circuit and initialization, which will activate a ...