ASSIGNMENT

Assignment

Assignment



Utterance

1. An utterance is a natural unit of speech bounded by breaths or pauses.

2. An utterance is a complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker's silence.

Utterance does not have a precise linguistic definition. Phonetically an utterance is a unit of speech bounded by silence. In dialogue, each turn by a speaker may be considered an utterance(Wernick 1991 pp.45-60). Linguists sometimes use utterance to simply refer to a unit of speech under study(Fraser 2000). The corresponding unit in written language is text.

Presupposition

A presupposition is background belief, relating to an utterance, that

must be mutually known or assumed by the speaker and addressee for the utterance to be considered appropriate in context

generally will remain a necessary assumption whether the utterance is placed in the form of an assertion, denial, or question, and

can generally be associated with a specific lexical item or grammatical feature (presupposition trigger) in the utterance.

Examples (English)

The utterance John regrets that he stopped doing linguistics before he left Cambridge has the following presuppositions:

There is someone uniquely identifiable to speaker and addressee as John (Fraser 2000).

John stopped doing linguistics before he left Cambridge.

John was doing linguistics before he left Cambridge.

John left Cambridge.

John had been at Cambridge(Klein 2000 pp.91-96).

Entailment

In linguistics, entailment is the relationship between two sentences where the truth of one (A) requires the truth of the other (B). This relationship is generalized below.

As a tool or method to make progress, one might use the entailment concept. For example, if one recognizes that "were A true, B must be true as well", then one might usefully shift attention from some valid position (say A) to another (say B).

Bridging inference

Write a few words explaining why the expressions you have chosen count as examples of the concept they illustrate.

“Women's Laptop Bag” is the articles name which I have selected for “Bridging inference”. The concept of Bridging inference relates with more and more women zooming up the corporate ladder and traveling too, the women's laptop bag has become a necessity. But these bags need not be the boring old black and tan laptop bags. In fact, with a whole new range of colors and materials that are available, women can make a fashion statement with their laptop bags during the presentation in any meeting.

The women's laptop bag is designed to fit in not only the laptop but all other essential elements such as loose change, a change of clothes, zipper and pen pockets and compartments for lipsticks etc. They also come with a back pocket that can easily accommodate all the files that the working women need. The women's laptop bags usually come with inner and outer water repellant finish so that your laptop is well-protected against water. Some of the laptop bags are even quilted and have embedded sequins to make a great fashion statement. You need to determine the size of your laptop before you go out to a mall to buy the women's laptop bag.

Another variation for the women's laptop bag is the laptop ...