Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Introduction

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science, associated with the artificial analogy through computer programs as natural phenomena. Human mental capacity mimic, associated rules of syntax on the basis of programming, and then making of judgments about a problem whose solution descried faster than humans, developed through artificial intelligence expert systems

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Artificial Intelligence is a science which has rapt researches but also writers, philosophers and filmmakers. Man has tried to understand the process of thinking for thousands of years. Experts, working in the field of Artificial intelligence, try to create intelligence and try to understand the nature of intelligence as it the one of the most modern areas of science. Shortly after World War II, first work in the area of AI began, in 1956, its name proposed. Along with molecular biology, scientists of other specialties often indicate artificial intelligence, as an area in which they most wanted to work. Physics students justifiably believe that all great discoveries in their field have already been made by Newton, Einstein, Galileo, and other scientists, but AI, on the other hand, still offers opportunities for the demonstration of multiple talents of these scientists.

Discussion

The development of the modern digital computer following World War II led naturally to the consideration of the ultimate capabilities of what soon got dubbed "thinking machines" or "giant brains." The ability to perform calculations flawlessly; and at superhuman speeds led some observers to believe that it was only a matter of time before the intelligence of computers would surpass human levels. This belief would be reinforced over the years by the development of computer programs that could play chess with increasing skill, culminating in the match victory of IBM's Deep Blue over world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.

History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence was first defined by the American computer scientist John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, as the “science and engineering of creating intelligent machines.” This definition, in its essence, has held, despite considerable shifts in technological paradigms, from the earlier emphasis on creation of intelligent computer programs to the current stress on convergence technologies. However, in the absence of an absolute definition of intelligence, only degrees of intelligence can be defined, with human intelligence being the benchmark to which other intelligences gets compared. In addition, there is also a lack of consensuses on the computational procedures that can be termed intelligent (Luger, 2002).

Time line of AI

While computers can carry out some tasks, they cannot carry out all, and they lack the crucial ability to reason. Computer programs may have tremendous amounts of speed and memory, but their abilities get circumscribed by the intellectual mechanisms that got built into the programs. In fact, the ability to substitute large amounts of computing in lieu of understanding is what gives computers their seeming “intelligence.” Thus, for example, the chess player program Deep Blue substitutes millions of computations of possible moves in the place of reason and intuition.

The quest for artificial intelligence faced a number of enduring challenges, ...