Article Review

Abstract

Ischemic stroke in rats is treated by administration of mesenchymal cells, and its process of action on a cellular level is discussed along with its advantages. Initial idea indicates that the administration of cells can be helpful in the increased neuronal and motor activity by following a series of steps on a cellular level. The administration of mesenchymal cells helps in the modification of substantia alba in the brain and of spinal cord as well. Mesenchymal cells also help in the recovery of brain injury and helps in an increase in the plasticity of the brain and reproduction of neuronal cells .

Mechanisms Underlying Improved Recovery of Neurological Function after Stroke in the Rodent after Treatment with Neurorestorative Cell-Based Therapies

Introduction

When therapy was provided on a cellular level after the stroke than a question emerges that what is the mechanism involved on the cellular level? Initially it was believed that stem cells were used in the treatment of any neuronal injury, or they replace the injured cells, but when the observations available on treatment of stroke on adults were studied then this hypothesis was proved to be wrong. There is no evidence that the stem cells have replaced the injured cells of the brain or they have proliferated or integrated because very less of cells is able to cross the blood brain barrier and enter the brain. Enhancement in motor activity and brain function was seen immediately after several days of treatment, and there was no report of stem cells replacing the injured cells of the brain. Hence it was proposed that the cells arouse the affected cells of the brain and a proliferation process continues through a series of steps which helps in the improvement of brain function. The data provided below is mainly based upon the mesenchymal cells of bone marrow as original adult cells can be used in the treatment of stroke.

Discussion

Administration of Mesenchymal cells

When mesenchymal cells were administered after stroke, there was a profound increase in both, mature and immature types of oligodendrocytes that were present in the ipsilateral hemisphere of brain.(Li Y. et al,2008) Oligodendrocytes are responsible in the production of myelin and also fulfill the requirements of white matter of the brain. When Oligodendrocytes are stimulated or expanded they can cause modifications in axons and myelin. The white matter of the ischemic lesion was disturbed via cell treatment and density of axons of the injured area was increased in the animals which shows that white matter of ipsilateral hemisphere is modified by providing them with mesenchymal cells(Li Y.et al 2006). Four days before the decapitation of the rats they were administered with Pseudorabies virus that was tagged with the red and green luminous proteins of PRV-GFP and PRV-RFP sequence in the right and left extensor forelimb muscles (Liu Z. et al 2008). In control rats which were not affected by the stroke, there were only a few green tagged cells in the left pyramidal neurons and in test rats that were affected by ...