APA RESEARCH PAPER

APA Research Paper

Article No. 1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the article that incorporates statistical analysis technique discussed in the course, for the principle of this paper the researcher has selected two articles, the first article that has been written by Foster, R, in the article “Executive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms Associated With Reduced Participation of People With Severe Congestive Heart Failure” the author has used one of the descriptive statistics technique. Foster (2011) has examined that the level of participation and relationships among cognition, participation and depression with individuals that have severe congestive heart failure (CHF).

The author in this article has focused that individuals that have severe CHF that are awaiting transplantation of heart, have completed the standardized tests of cognitions, depression symptoms, self report measure of dysfunction and participation. Significant reductions have been reported among the participants across all activity domains since CHF diagnosis (ps < .001). Altogether, around 35-46% of the variations in participation were associated with reduced participation for depression symptoms and worse dysfunction. This syndrome, which may result from the presence of cardiovascular disorders, including heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, which can damage the heart, and therefore cannot effectively pump blood throughout the body. CHF affects nearly 6 million Americans, representing more than 290,000 deaths per year in the United States and is associated with significant functional limitations and decreased quality of life. The cost of CHF in the United States in 2009 was valued at $ 37.2 billion, most attributed to repeated hospitalizations. As the population ages, the prevalence and the resulting socio-economic impact of the ICC is expected to increase.

This article presents a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (before transplantation) evaluation of data from a longitudinal study on the impact of heart transplantation in brain metabolism, neuropsychological functioning, participation and quality of life in the severe heart failure. This study was approved by the Office of Human Research Protection at the University of Washington in St. Louis, and all participants signed an informed consent.

Participants with CHF (n 5 27) were recruited to the center of congestive heart failure at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, and met the inclusion criteria: functional class III or IV (with an indication of severe congestive heart failure) is waiting time for a heart transplant, and age = 18 years. Exclusion criteria were history of cardiac arrest, failure to comply with the study of positron emission tomography, or pregnancy.

All study procedures were in the hospital. Each participant was neurological examination by a neurologist and completed a 90-minute battery designed to measure cognitive function and psychological, participation and quality of life. The battery was administered in a quiet room, prepared by the researcher with expertise in neuropsychological tests. The basic demographic data and Swiss francs related to the clinical characteristics were obtained through interviews and medical documents. Mini-Mental State Examination was used to measure global cognitive function, Wechsler test of adult reading was used to assess intelligence and the FIM (TM) was used to assess the ...