Answer

Answer

Medicalization Of Deviant Behavior Or Social Problems

They are labels that denote some difference in children's behaviour from other children - usually implied to be overactivity, lack of concentration and so on. They are usually the sort of actions that schools find difficult to manage in the context of mass schooling, large classes, high staff turnover and teacher shortages. No one should be surprised at what may be an associated moral panic about childhood obesity. Equally the reduction in school playing fields and the marginalisation of school sport in the National Syllabus may also be key factors in these 'conditions'.

The low priority given to children's education is reflected in the school buildings themselves. Even where maintenance has been kept up the buildings themselves are often unimaginative, cramped and not related to children's own needs- how many secondary schools have adequate locker spaces? Teachers often do exceptionally well in trying to make the context interesting - but with difficulty. It is not surprising that children lose interest or are easily distracted, bored and so forth in these settings. The National Syllabus is a further constraint on both teachers and children in these settings. The original edition of the book grew out of the author's PhD thesis with an additional chapter. It focuses on 'hyperactivity' or 'hyperkinesis', terms that were in use before the development of the term ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Concept Of Addiction

In recent years, the concept of addiction is not only a biological concept that is precipitated from substance abuse, but it also considers cultural, social, and cognitive or psychological influences. Addiction is best understood as an individual's adjustment to his or her environment that is often self-destructive. It represents a pattern of coping through habituation. Rather than being a distinct disease entity, it is thought of more as a continuum of feeling and behavior.

There are three ways that drug addiction can be recognized in an individual.

The addicted person exhibits a heightened need for a substance. This need then leads to habits that are aimed at acquiring the substance.

Upon discontinued use of the abused substance, the individual suffers intensely.

The hallmark of addiction is the addicted individual's willingness to sacrifice everything, to the point of self-destruction, to take the drug.

These signs are based in the biology of addiction, and therefore can be applied more appropriately to drug addiction than to addictions of other ...