Answer 1) Neoclassicism

Classical architecture revived during the 18th and early 19th centuries and was later termed as the neoclassicism. The Neoclassic architecture basically had the characteristics of geometry and Romanesque details, along with a lot of columns and spherical developments in the structures. This antique style was also called as the Rococo Style which was prominent in the United States of America and Europe. Neoclassicism represented the nostalgia of the Late Greek and Roman styles, which were the pioneers in the world of architecture. In today's day and age, some of the prominent structures in the United States such as the Capitol Hill in United States or the Prado Museum in Madrid offer a window as to why neoclassical architecture may be the most identifiable style that exists in architecture, even if many cannot identify it by name. These monuments have helped preserve the Neoclassicism in the world, which has further allowed them to remain as representation of the movement. The late 18th century saw a revival of the architectural and artistic styles of ancient Greece and Rome. The neoclassical movement began in Europe and spread to the Americas around the time of the revolution in 1776. As a result, neoclassical style became closely identified with the values and ideals of the newly formed United States. Architects and historians identify four primary characteristic categories of American neoclassical style. However, the era was further divided into sections as in phases which were named as rationalist, federalist, Idealist and the Greek revival.

In this era, the architects basically concentrated on techniques such as stone vaulting and constructing domes as well. Even though this seemed to be a less noticeable in the U.S, but it mimicked the building techniques of ancient Greece and Rome immaculately. Rationalist architects opposed Baroque styles and methods of late 17th century which emphasized beauty and illusion. In accordance with the principles of the 18th century Enlightenment or "Age of Reason," Rationalists designed buildings to reflect ideals of truth, reason and science. Neoclassical rationalist architecture features stone vaulting, domes, and pure geometric forms like spheres and cylinders.

Benjamin Latrobe was the first American Architect who used such technique and built portions of the United States Capitol building which had the dome shaped roof, also the designing of the Baltimore Basilica, the first Catholic Cathedral built in the United States; and his designs for the White House porticos. His influence on the nation's capital also included serving as the chief surveyor for the Washington Canal; designing St. John's Episcopal Church, Decatur House and the main gate of the Washington Navy Yard; and consulting on the construction of the Washington Bridge across the Potomac River. Other distinguished works by him include the Bank of Pennsylvania and the Fairmount Water Works in Philadelphia. As the 1900s came, there was a change in the architecture as the time has escalated into post modernism from neoclassicism. This meant that the structures which represented patriotism were now becoming flexible and liberal. The broad structures, with sharp curves, ...