Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

a. History

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a matter used as a dental treatment. Calcium and phosphate are natural construction blocks of teeth, and when present in insufficient allowances, there can be sensitivity after methods such as dental bleaching or professional dental cleaning. Amorphous calcium phosphate will help in refurbishing the essential mineral balance in the mouth in an easy and efficient way.

ACP expertise utilising a two-phase consignment system that prevents the calcium and phosphate from answering was evolved by MingS. Tung at the American Dental study Association's Paffenbarger study Center. It was first utilised in a toothpaste called Enamelon in 1999, but it failed commercially. It is now found in Arm & Hammer's Enamel Care Toothpaste (introduced in 2004) as well as their Age Defying Toothpaste, Discus Dental's Nite White bleaching gel, Discus Dental's Relief ACP sensitivity relief product, and Premier Dental's Enamel Pro polishing paste. It is furthermore utilised in the Aegis merchandise line, such as Aegis Pit and Fissure Sealant, produced by Bosworth for dental professionals to use in dental offices.

Recent expansion by Recaldent have made it possible to bring calcium and phosphate in an amorphous form to the mouth. By means of casein phosphopeptide, a complex is conceived with the amorphous calcium phosphate and the producing CPP-ACP molecule binds to biofilms, plaque, pathogens, hydroxyapatite and surrounding soft tissue, thus localizing the bio-available calcium and phosphate. This molecule is available in a financial product from GC [2], a Japanese dental constructor and is called Tooth Mousse [3]. When applied to tooth exterior, it strengthens tooth enamel before and after bleaching, and can defend dentine after expert dental cleaning and throughout orthodontic treatment, helping to avert dentine hypersensitivity. People pain from saliva troubles also advantage since the CPP-ACP replenishes tooth exterior by carrying the natural flow of saliva. ACP decreases sensitivity and fadeback, and aids in the prevention of cavities. (Smales, 133-140)

b. Four Research Projects

Four experiments were conducted under the direction of Dr. Culbreath, with the intent of finding further benefits and properties of ACP. (Smales, 133-140)

In 2006 Dr. Celestine Fernandez started the pilot project. Her goal was to accentuate the effectiveness and benefits of using ACP as an adhesive to reduce and prevent enamel decalcification during orthodontic treatment. Also her observations were recorded to study the occurrence and severity of enamel decalcification. In the orthodontic bonding agent known as Aegis Ortho, ACP was used as a cariostatic agent showing to be potentially effective in preventing enamel decalcification specially when used as an adhesive to bond orthodontic brackets. It contains a hydrophilic monomer that releases calcium phosphate over time thereby preventing tooth demineralization that occurs specifically around orthodontic brackets. Previous literature since 1982 studied white spot lesion (WSL) formation after banding and bonding in children with the expectancy of WSL to appear in untreated teeth. This study indicated that the highest incidence of WSL or decalcification occurred in Maxillary incisor and mandibular molars. Thus ranking maxillary anteriors with the highest incidence of decalcification and the maxillary laterals with ...