ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Pharmacological Interventions in Alzheimer 's Disease

Pharmacological Interventions in Alzheimer 's Disease

Introduction

Dementia is a step by step loss of the thinking, memory and behavioural abilities The most common reason for dementia is Alzheimer 's Disease and it is the fourth main reason of death in elderly according to starts a survey conducted in US. It is a disorder which causes a relentless and complete loss of memory and intellectual functioning. The disease with symptoms of forgetfulness which can further proceed to the complete loss of memory, thinking and behavior function. After few years of the progression of disease, the person becomes incapable of basic care that can occur due to some hidden diease (Nowotny P et al 2001). Dimentia cannot occur as a result of normal ageing process. It can be observed in the patients by different medical andpsychological tests. The examination also includes the neurological examination. The results indicate the inability to perform the different tasks that are provided in order to judge the mental health condition of the patient. The Alzheimer 's Disease also have same procedure of gathering information is like ususal (nih.gov).

The drugs that are involved in keeping the disease up to a certain limit are the inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase and the antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (BNF). Acetylcholine is present in the brain and spinal cord. They are released in the synaptic cleft and the amyloidal plate of the brain. Acetylcholine is also present in the neuronal membrane (Inestrosa et al 1997). In the Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholine esterase is present in the extracellular fluid of the brain. Further studies show that the acetylcholine esterase present in the extracellular fluid is different fro m the normal neurotransmitter (Geula et al 1994). Acetylcholine esterase helps in the collection of Aß that are required for the formation of amyloidal fibrils. Certain antibodies when bind to the allosteric site of acetylcholine esterase, they act as inhibitor and cause in hindrance in the formation of amyloidal fibrils.

Discussion

Article I: Zhendong Yang, Xiangyu Zhou and Qi Zhang (2013) Effectiveness and Safety of Memantine Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease, Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors produce their reversible antagonism effect in the alzheimer's disease. The effect is produced, when the glutamate creates excitation reactions. This reaction is destructive and it is inhibited by Mementine. Mementine is an uncompeteitive antagonist which supports the active transport and have higher affinity. In helps in enhancing the learning and memory behavior of rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Mementine do not allows the extra calcium ions to enter in the cells of neurons. Thus it is playing a role in protecting the neurons. The doses of Mementine, when administered orally to the rat model of alzheimer's disease are completely absorbed in the body. The concentration of Mementine is visible in the blood plasma when it is given at a dose of 22 mg per day.

Article II: Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, Juan Paulo Sagal and Marcela Colombres, Acetylcholinesterase Interaction with Alzheimer Amyloid p

Amyloid hypothesis

It states that the ...