After 1968, the year that many scholars assign as the end of the Civil Rights movement, African Americans made significant strides toward parity and integration with white Americans. Yet the importance of race in U.S. society and culture qualified and, in some ways, limited the degree of success experienced by African Americans. More militant attitudes among blacks, the reemergence of black separatism in the 1990s, ambiguous racial attitudes on the part of whites, a sporadic economy, and the passage of civil rights laws contributed to the shape of the African-American community in the late 20th century (Blassingame, ...