A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

A Critical Review Of Theoretical Approaches to International Development



A Critical Review Of Theoretical Approaches to International Development

Introduction

There have been many discussions about the ethical concerns regarding fund raising techniques used by different organizations. There are two main points of views in this regard, first one is that it is legitimate to use images of malnourished children for fund raising, and the other one is that, it is not legal because the children are being exploited (Maehara, 2008, P.p. 89). The former are of the argument that, they use these techniques for a noble cause. In their view, since they are serving poor and needy, so it not at all illicit to raise funds by using skilful techniques.

Discussion

In the discussion, we will be addressing all issues regarding ethics of international development. This will include critical evaluation, key issues, and positive aspects of using the techniques.

Critical Evaluation

More than 90% of these leaders cited the need for education about ethical fundraising. While ethical challenges arise at all levels in all types of organizations, the impact of such challenges can be especially troublesome for nonprofits (Sczudlo, 2003, pp.30). According to the Ethics Resource Centre's “2007 National Non-profit Ethics Survey” (2007), more than half of the 450 non-profit executives polled reported having witnessed unethical fundraising behaviour over the course of their careers. In 2006 Harris poll reported that only 1 in 10 Americans strongly believe that charities are honest and ethical in their use of donated funds. Approximately one third of U.S' adults have less than positive feelings toward America's charitable organizations and the same number think that the non-profit sector in America has “pretty seriously gotten off in the wrong direction”. For organizations that depend on public support and private funding for their livelihood, these sentiments are problematic (Sczudlo, 2003, pp.30).

This paper begins with a review of the concepts that inform and shape the context in which fundraising takes place. Organizational dynamics unfold in unique ways in the non-profit world and set the stage for kinds of ethical issues. In this paper, we examine those fundraising areas wherein ethical lapses are most likely to occur. Awareness of the potential for ethical issues is an important first step in avoiding ethical lapses. In some situations, these issues are easily resolved with the specific right or wrong decisions. Other situations are more difficult to resolve, such as when the issue involves deciding between two alternatives and neither is decidedly right or wrong (Maynard, 2001, Pp, B4). This chapter concludes with a review of ethical models for decision making, which can be useful in such situations.

Organizational Context

As professionals who do their work within an organizational context, fundraisers must be aware of both the rights and responsibilities that ground their work. Non-profit organizations benefit in significant ways from our nation's tax structure. In exchange, nonprofits are expected to serve the public good as made explicit. The no distribution clause included here has relevance for fundraisers as it makes ...