Why Women do not attend for Cervical Screening - Female Perspectives

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

INTRODUCTION1

Abstract1

Background of the study:1

Literature Review:3

Search Strategy:10

Keywords:10

CHAPTER 1: THE ISSUE11

1.1 Definitions11

1.2 The Problem - Aims and Objectives12

1.3 Review of Literature/Study Selection:13

1.4 Summary14

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY17

2.1 Research Methodology:17

2.2 Ethical Considerations:17

2.3 Data Collection Methods:18

2.4 Sampling Method:19

2.5 Pilot Study:19

2.6 Focus Group20

2.7 Analysis:20

2.8 Outcomes of the Study:21

2.9 Quality Assessment21

2.10 Literature Sources22

CHAPTER 3: TIMELINE AND COMPLETION OF THE STUDY23

CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION24

4.1 Hypothesis Analysis:24

4.2 Data Extraction Strategy:24

4.3 Qualitative Data Analysis:25

4.4 Literature Search:26

4.5 Validity:26

4.6 Themes27

CHAPTER 5: REFLECTIONS29

5.1 Histology31

5.2 Risk factors31

5.3 Screening32

5.4 Screening age33

5.5 Guidelines34

5.6 Further Analysis35

5.7 Analysis of Interviews36

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS37

6.1 Recommendations and Further Research39

REFERENCES48

APPENDIX51

INTRODUCTION

Abstract

Objective: The dissertation has been undertaken for the purpose of significantly understanding and comprehending the opinions of fears of women associated with cervical screening.

Design: Systematic Review

Setting: The thesis will include the use of focus group to provide triangulation of the research.

Patients: Women shall be undertaken as the prime focus of the research. With the focus group of 4 participants, women shall be considered the main respondents of the research.

Literature Search: Within the review at least 8 to 10 studies will be used, each of which will incorporate appraisal through the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP). Each study will have a completed CASP form applied in the appendix of the thesis.

Conclusions: To summarize and conclude from the findings, the idea if cervical screening does yield benefits has been undertaken as a rather popular tool, currently supported and backed by evidence or guidelines,. In line with changes in practice and production of new evidence, policy development requires continual evaluation in order to avoid becoming stagnant. Also, education, knowledge and information dissemination need to be spread wide among women, would make way for women to learn more on cervical screening.

Background of the study:

Cervical screening has been a rather common phenomenon that has prevailed and took the nursing industry by storm. Associated with female reproductive systems, cervical screening is a tool that is adopted by doctor for tracing any symptoms that might be felt or received signalling cervical cancer.

The procedure has been dedicated to reduce the risks and presence of cervical cancer which could be traced and tracked from an early pre-cancerous stage. While the disease does tend to spread and it becoming a common phenomenon, women still have fears and concerns regarding the screening and the examination process to begin with.

Although doctors, physicians and experts have given their verdict regarding the safety of cervical screening and that the results that are being put forth in the area of treating cervical cancer and removing its ...