The Pledge of Allegiance was consciously created as a means of inspiring patriotism among public school children, an idea that was thought to be particularly important with recently arrived immigrant populations (Feldman, 2008). Often students would mindlessly repeat the pledge, however, without understanding its meaning, sometimes even substituting what they thought were the words, rather than its actual content. Amusing examples of these mistakes include: “I pledge the pigeons to the flag,” “and to the republic for witches stands,” “one nation under guard,” “invisible” “with liberty and ...