VACCINATION

Developmental delay could be caused by vaccination

[Name of the Institute]Developmental delay could be caused by vaccination

Introduction

Spreading of infection disease is one of the most important health concerns. Vaccination is at the top of the 10 list of great public health achievement as stated by the U.S' centre for disease control and prevention. There is a great reduction in the infectious diseases and complication by the help of vaccination. An infection disease is an evident illness which results from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and multi cellular parasites. Infectious pathology is also called communicable diseases because of their potential of transmission from one person or species to another, either directly or via a vector (e.g., malaria which is transmitted from one person to another via a mosquito vector). In the modern history, the contagious diseases have been reduced to a great level in the developing countries. The primary reason of the communicable diseases is because of the hygiene environment implemented by the society, the housing system and most importantly by the execution of vaccines. Over the past century agents such as AIDS, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), and Influenza have been promoted through changes in human behavior, such as increased frequency of traveling and changes in sexual habits. Environmental changes can also influence communicable diseases (McIntyre 2009).

Discussion

The system of vaccination depends on the integrity of the family function, for much of routine vaccination requires vaccination of infants, children, and adolescents. In the United States, by the time a child has reached his or her 2nd birthday, the child should have received 27 or 28 doses of vaccines, some of which may be given in combination to reduce the number to as few as 20 doses. While states mandate vaccines for day care and school attendance, almost all permit some form of parental refusal.

Types of immunization

Vaccines are one form of immunizations, and immunizations are biologic rather than pharmaceutical. Immunizations come from materials such as cells, tissues, or living organisms, unlike pharmaceuticals that come from chemical reactions and distillations of purified chemical reagents. Immunizations consist of a wide variety of biologics but form two major categories related to their mechanisms of action. Immunizations are either active or passive. Active immunizations stimulate immune reactions resulting in persisting immunity. Passive immunizations provide temporarily materials that otherwise would be produced by immune reactions (Samuel 2000).

Both mimic a natural process that occurs when the body recognizes foreign materials or antigens. These are usually part of the surface structure of germs, such as bacteria or virus. These antigens are specific to the type of germ. They stimulate the immune systems to manufacture antibodies. Antibodies are special proteins that interact with disease-specific antigens carried by the germs themselves. That interaction leads to further immunologic activity against the antigens and the bacteria or viruses presenting the antigen, which leads to the destruction or neutralization of that bacteria or virus (Samuel 2000).

Passive Immunization

Passive immunization provides the specific antibodies an individual can use ...