Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary Tract Infection



Introduction

Urinary tract infection is the one of the most common health-care-acquired infections and most (80%) are associated with urinary catheterization. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is responsible for 34% of health-care-acquired infections CAUTI results in a person having to remain in hospital for longer and can result in a large increase in healthcare costs. It is acknowledged that at least 38% of CAUTIs are preventable. Indwelling urinary catheters are more frequently used in elderly populations. In the case of both short- or long-term catheters, the rate of infection is almost 5% per a single workday. Escherichia coli is still the most common bacteria causing urinary tract infection. However, a number of organisms may be isolated. Chief among these are various yeast species. Various studies suggest that bacteria usually show an increased resistance. The major cause is the antimicrobial courses that are repeated over a period of time. Urinary tract infection (UTI) usually results due to the development of a bio film on catheter. This bio film develops on both internal and external surface of the catheter. This bio film protects UTI causing organisms from all attempts of removal. The chief responses to these organisms are antimicrobials (various antibiotics) and the host immune response. Morbidity from urinary tract infection with short-range catheter use is restricted if proper care of the catheter is practiced. In patients with medium and long-term catheter use, fever due to the urinary source is the most common manifestation of a with a urinary tract infection. The frequency of these infection varies from 1 per 100 to 1 per 1000 days of the use of catheter. Facility dwellers with medium to long-term with chronic indwelling catheters are at a very high risk for bacteraemia and other urinary problems than residents who do not use catheters

Statement of Problem

High acuity of hospital acquired urinary tract infections the goal is to reduce the number of post-operative infections and identify ways to prevent the infection. (In-services on techniques adhere of the removal within 48 hours per doctor's order, administering prophylaxis antibiotics' and peri-care).

Patients are routinely catheterized following femoral and hip fractures and their surgical repair. Catheterization may be considered necessary to monitor urine output or to manage urinary incontinence when other methods of management might cause pain or discomfort deterrence of urinary tract infection due to the use of catheters and related complications is one of the major goals of all healthcare institutions. With a short-term catheter use, avoiding their use altogether or cutting down the time of use to as short a time as possible are the most successful strategies for preventing urinary tract infection. Retaining a closed drainage system and implementation of suitable catheter care methods will also reduce infection and associated complications. As the time of catheterisation is the most important cause of infection with long-term indwelling catheters, it is unclear that any intercessions can lower the occurrence of bacteriuria in this setting. Various methods of catheter flushing and recurrent care on daily basis do ...