Unit 5

Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care

Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care

Task 1:

Human cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system is composed of the blood, heart and vessels of the blood. It includes two systems: the systematic circulation and pulmonary circulation, both of them help in providing oxygenated blood to the whole body. In an average an adult have 5 to 6 quarts almost 4.7 to 5.7 liters of blood, it contains red blood cells, plasma, platelets and white blood cells. The digestive system also works along with the circulatory system in order to generate the nutrients that are required to regulate the heart beat.

Respiratory system

A biological system of an organism that pumps respiratory gases to the human body and it perform an exchange of gases is well known as Respiratory system. The anatomical characteristics of the human respiratory system consist of lungs, airways and respiratory muscles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules are exchanged passively, through diffusion in-between the external gaseous environment and the blood. The stated process repeatedly occurs in the alveolar region in the lungs. Animals like insects have respiratory systems with very delicate anatomical characteristics and if we look at the amphibian's respiratory system their skin plays an important role for exchange of gases. Human respiratory system is designed in such a way to keep the body temperature normal and to provide whole body especially, heart and brain.

Nervous system

A system organ that contains a network of specialized cells named as neurons, which coordinates the actions of an animal like creature and it transmits signals between other parts of the body is known as nervous system. Al most all the animal and human have two parts of their nervous system that are peripheral and central. The central nervous system of humans consists of the spinal cord, retina and brain. The peripheral nervous system includes sensory neurons and cluster of neurons known as ganglia and there are nerves that are connected with the central nervous system. Both these systems are interlinked through complex neural pathways. A subsystem of the peripheral nervous system, which has a connection through vagus nerve, is known as enteric nervous system. It performs functions independently by controlling the gastrointestinal system.

Endocrine system

A system of glands, which secretes a form of hormone directly in the bloodstream inorder to regulate the body is known as endocrine system. Exocrine system is in contrast to the endocrine system that generates its chemicals by using ducts. It is an system that generats information signal like nervous system, although its mechanism and effects are mainly different. The effects of endocrine system are resonably slow in start and it prolongs in their response, it lasts from few hours upto weeks. On the other hand, when we look at nervous system; it sends information very quickly and its responses are usually short lived. Chemical mediators and hormones, which are released from endocrine tissue into the bloodstream where they travel to the target tissue and at the same time it generates ...