These all cases have their bases on some issues according to the predefined clauses of the United States Patriotic Act of 2001, since, by that time, the amendments of 2006 did not come out. Based on the 4th amendment of the act, after necessary evidence gathering, protection was granted to the suspect in each of the above mentioned cases which took place in the United State.
Case Name
Citation
Date
Constitutional Right
Issue Presented
Holding
Kaupp v. Texas
538 U.S. 626
2003
4th Amendment
Can a declaration gained by use of an illegal seizure be used in opposition to a criminal offender?