TOPIC: FUNDING FOR URBAN FORESTRY

Funding For Urban Forestry



Funding For Urban Forestry

A number of foresters' of the urban side of the city in developed countries use interchangeably the "culture of urban green areas" and "forestry in the urban" or "forestry in the urban". (Geist, 2006)

Forestry in the urban has made rapid progress in North America thanks to concerted efforts and the allocation of considerable resources. In United States, in spite of old custom of forestry in the urban, study is still very incomplete. An ongoing venture of forestry in the urban activities will facilitate coordination and cooperation in United States. In some of the emergent countries, forestry in the urban is still in its initial stage and is clearly directed towards the method of industrialized countries. (Lambin, 2006)

Construction and cooperation in the development

The quick urbanization of the poor people and the consequences, relating to the environment, of growth in the urban sector for the deprived people are getting more care than ever in global discussions on the growth. In this context, the formation of urban green areas is recognized by all as an instrument for development. Forums urban agriculture as the Support Group on Urban Agriculture and the Global Initiative on Urban Agriculture take into account forestry in the urban, in particular with regard to agro-forestry. Many urban development projects have a component of forestry in the urban. Many cities that implement local Agenda 21 (for example, La Paz [Bolivia], Sao Paulo [Brazil, Zurich [Switzerland], Durban [South Africa], ], Tehran [Iran]Kampala [Uganda], Yokohamaand Bombay [India]. (Nepstad, 2007)

Types of Funding:

There are four type of financing instruments that are identified: Tax Exemption; Special funds; Reforestation contracts and Loans for reforestation.

Tax Exemption:

This mechanism proves to be useful in establishing sizeable areas for the plantation of forests. Achievement of this mechanism further included, jobs creation, development of business experts and introduction to related functions and activities, for example, consulting forms and commercial nurseries. On the other hand, it has also faced some criticism in the form of, inefficiency of economy, inequity and negative effects of the environment. (Chapin, 1998)

Reforestation contracts:

These mechanisms have been seen to be suitable for demonstration and research actions requiring the use of the land. (Wadt, 2008)

The main purpose of these mechanisms is to build systems for agro-forestry, to promote the change in perspective of the people about the resources of the forests, bring an increase in the supply of the raw material for the industry and providing the funds to the regions which are affected by low production of crop.

Funding for Plantation:

Funding is generally internal or through non-governmental organizations, although there is an increase in the funding for development by the UNDP, World Bank and other donators.

It is common for the planting. Although encouraged and sometimes partially financed by the government as an extensional work, is carried out as individual or private projects. The importance of economics and costing is generally less due to majority of the work of plantation, site planning and nurturing is done as a ...