TINBERGEN'S (1963) FRAMEWORK

Tinbergen's (1963) Framework

Tinbergen's (1963) Framework

Tinbergen's four questions, the name of Nikolaas Tinbergen, are categories of explanations of animal behavior.

When asked about the purpose of the hearing in humans and animals, primary school children can even respond to that animals have the vision to help find food and avoid danger (adaptation). Biologists have three additional explanations: the view is caused by a particular set of evolutionary steps (phylogeny), the mechanics of the eye (causation), and even the development process of an individual (ontogeny). Although these responses may be very different, they are consistent. This idea was discussed in the 1960's when Tinbergen outlined the four questions on Aristotle's four types of causes. This scheme provides a basic framework of behavioral overlapping fields of ethology, behavioral ecology, sociobiology, evolutionary psychology and comparative psychology.

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is the only scientific explanation of why the behavior of an animal is generally well adapted for survival and reproduction in their environment. The literature conceptualizes the relationship between the function and evolution of two ways. On the one hand, the function and evolution is often presented as separate and distinct explanations of behavior. [1] On the other hand, the definition of adaptation, a central concept in evolution, is a trait that is functional for the organism's reproductive success is the result of natural selection, ie, the function and evolution are inseparable. Given this, it is best conceptualized to function as an evolutionary explanation. The term "function" is preferable to "adaptation" as it is understandable to students before an explanation of evolution. Many examples are well known. For example, birds fly south in winter to find food and warmth, and mothers nurse their young mammals, so that more children are surviving.

"Phylogeny" captures all the different evolutionary explanations of the ...