Theoretical and Ethical Principles Of Learning

Theoretical and Ethical Principles Of Learning

Part I:

1. Behaviorist Learning Theory

The behaviorist learning theory discusses how one can control the behavior of a person by external cues and reinforcements. It is not the inner workings of the learner, but the consequences of acting on it on a previously demonstrated behavior decisively. Praise reinforces the behavior, whereas blame and punishment are to reduce the behavior. Nurses and doctors can be taught through reward and punishment, such as improving and deteriorating health of a patient, the correct procedures (Silva 1990).

2. Cognitive Learning Theory

Cognitive theories focus on study of internal processes that lead to learning. For cognitive theories, developed mainly by Tolman and the Gestalt psychologists, learning takes place through the central brain processes, such as memory and expectations that act as a supplement to a goal-directed behavior. Also there is latent learning, not directly related to reward and immediate use of what has been learned. Health practitioners are required to learn the principles relating to health education and consequently tested through comprehensive examination.

3. Social Learning Theory

The social learning theory or TAS is the theory that people learn new behaviors through reinforcement or punishment, or through observational learning of social factors in their environment. If people are positive and desirable consequences on the observed behavior is more likely to imitate, taken as a model and adopted. It postulates that the child learns new behaviors by observing their peers - by imitating the behavior patterns that are the subject to rewards and punishments. Physicians can learn the theories of health education through observing senior doctors (Davis et al., 2010).

4. Psychodynamic Learning Theory

Psychodynamic theory emphasizes the dynamics of the unconscious mind and experience of the individual. They treat it as the main determinants of the development and future behavior of the individual. The first theory of Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic created. Impulse behavior, psychologists, called motives such as pain, hunger, sex. They were so internal and external factors that motivate a person to action.

5. Humanistic Learning Theory

Humanistic theories, also called "personalist", "Libertarian", "instinctual", "free", or "open" are based primarily on the person. These theories emphasize the notions of "self", "freedom" and "autonomy". They insist on the freedom of the student, his desires, his willingness to learn. The best known is the work of Rogers. An illustration of humanistic learning is the person sometimes called "client" who must master his ...