[The Strategies for Carbon Reduction in the Construction Sector in Angola]

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Acknowledgement

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Abstract

In this study we try to explore the concept of carbon reduction in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on strategies adopted by Angolan Government and its relation with carbon reduction in construction sector. The research also analyzes many aspects of carbon reduction and tries to gauge its effect on the environment of the construction sector in Angola. Finally the research describes various factors which are responsible for the carbon reduction and tries to describe the overall effect of strategies of carbon reduction in the construction sector of Angola.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

1.1Context and Rationale of the theses Angola why is it important ,building regulation1

1.2Key issues of the subject and research question , materials, legislation3

1.3Research aim and objectives5

1.4Outline the research8

1.5Overview the dissertation factors8

CHAPTER 2: KYOTO PROTOCOL AND ANGOLA10

2.1 Introduction examine the key issues10

2.2 Concept of environment and sustainability11

2.3 Kyoto target18

2.4 Copenhagen contract20

2.5 World Bank and financial support for developing countries21

2.6 Conclusion of the chapter25

CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW30

3.1 Introduction to the subject30

3.2 Awareness on the issue in these countries31

3.3 Environmental, Planning and Construction regulations33

3.4 Materials and Techniques implemented47

3.5 Funds available and initiatives to support this industry50

3.6 Angola LNG61

CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY68

4.1 Introduction68

4.2 Research approach considerate and explain why the choice and options available69

4.3 Justify methodology used71

4.4 Cases selected, who is going to be interviewed and why79

4.5 Questions that are going to be asked88

4.6 Data analysis89

CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS94

5.1 Introduction94

5.2 Organizations and their rules100

5.3 Legislation103

5.4 Building Codes and Materials105

5.5 Skills and Techniques107

5.6 Funding and Incentives111

5.7 Analysis and discussion113

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION115

6.1 Aim and objectives115

6.2 Findings about the subject115

6.3 Recommendations to improve117

6.4 Limitations, challenges, time problems, difficulties related to the materials119

REFERENCES121

Chapter 1: Introduction

The construction sector is in this major part one the national sector in a country that consumes most of energy in the country due to the life expectancy of this final products and the necessities of maintenance of the same which most of the buildings have a lifetime of 50 years continually being used before they need any type of maintenance. Angola is rebuilding its country now after having a 27-year civil war during which no public construction was done in the country and the infrastructures are out of date. After the war have an explosive growth rate of 22,5% in 2007,13,8% in 2008, 2,413% in 2009, 3,408% in 2010 in which 65% of this growth is related to the industry and the services in the country in which can be witnessed with the numerous amount of projects seen in the ...