[The Role of Molecular Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention]

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Table of Contents

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Rationale1

Problem Statement1

Aims and Objectives2

Ethical consideration2

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW3

Molecular Epidemiology3

Earlier Studies4

The Fetus5

CHAPTER 03: METHODOLOGY10

Study Design10

Literature Search10

CHAPTER 04: CONCLUSION11

REFERENCES12

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Molecular Epidemiology was originally conceived as a preventive approach, providing a valuable tool for investigating risk factors for cancer in vulnerable populations. Biomarkers can be used as early indicators of risk for preventative purposes and risk assessment. The present contribution mainly refers to in utero exposures to carcinogens, since humans are especially vulnerable during fetal development. Environmental exposures in utero can increase risks for both childhood and adult cancers; their interactions with genetic and nutritional susceptibility factors may further increase the risk. Thus, the early developmental period represents an important window for cancer prevention.

Rationale

There are various researchers who have been working in preventing cancer since more than a decade. However, the results are still shocking as it always come up with x cancer will result in y new cancer cases and z mortalities in the United Kingdom in the current year. Despite the medical advances in the field of cancer treatment, these results are constant. Therefore, it argues strongly for a new approach, for instance in cancer prevention, to assist in controlling this dreadful disease. Therefore, this broad rationale for cancer prevention is still relevant.

Problem Statement

The paper sets to identify the role of molecular epidemiology in cancer prevention.

Aims and Objectives

The aim and objective of this research is to determine the role molecular epidemiology in cancer prevention.

Ethical consideration

Researcher is fully aware of the ethical issues involved in this work. The responsibility of all procedures and ethical issues related to the project lies with the principal investigators. The research was conducted so that the integrity of the research enterprise will remain and negative side effects that may decrease the potential for future research were avoided. The choice of research topics is based on the best scientific approach and an evaluation of the potential benefits. This study is related to a major intellectual problem.

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW

Molecular Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention

The term 'molecular epidemiology' was first used in cancer research, but has been extended now to concepts providing important insights into the pathogenesis of chronic multifactorial disease such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. In cancer research, molecular epidemiology includes research on xenobiotics detected in the human body fluids as well as on DNA and protein adduct. These topics are not covered in the present review which concentrates on inherited genetic variations as so-called susceptibility factors for disease. Early landmarks of molecular genetics epidemiology include studies on cytochrome P450 1A1 and 2D6 as lung cancer risk factors, and the study which introduced the term molecular epidemiology in arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 as a risk factor for urinary bladder cancer (Weitzel & McCahill 2001, Pp. 942). These studies compared highly variable and presumably genetically controlled enzyme activities between cancer cases and controls. Nowadays, molecular epidemiologic analyses are mostly based on direct DNA analyses. Phenotype-based studies confer several types of bias, ...