The effects of spinal manipulation at L3/ L4 level on active electromyographic activity of the ipsilateral Vastus medialis Obliques (VMO)
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Acknowledgement
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Abstract
The repeatability of initial values and rate of change of EMG signal mean spectral frequency (MNF), average rectified values (ARV), Maximal Force, Maximal torque, muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) and muscle activation signal(MAC) was investigated in the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of both legs of nine healthy male subjects during voluntary, isometric contractions sustained for 50 s at 50% MVC. The values of MVC were recorded for both legs three times on each day and for three subsequent days, while the EMG signals have been recorded twice a day for three subsequent days. The degree of repeatability was investigated using the Fisher test based upon the ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA), the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Data collected showed a high level of repeatability of MVC measurement (normalized SEM from 1.1% to 6.4% of the mean). MNF and ARV initial values also showed a high level of repeatability (ICC70% for all muscles and legs except right VMO). At 50% MVC level no relevant pattern of fatigue was observed for the VMO and VL muscles, suggesting that other portions of the quadriceps might have contributed to the generated effort. These observations seem to suggest that in the investigation of muscles belonging to a multi-muscular group at submaximal level, the more selective electrically elicited contractions should be preferred to voluntary contractions.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1
Background3
Aims and Objectives5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW6
Comparison vastus medialis and vastus laterals6
Related Research7
Vastus lateralis muscle and portions8
Why is VMO so Important?8
The effects of SM L/S on the corticospinal and spinal reflex9
Anatomy of the knee12
Electromyography (EMG)13
Isokinetic Dynamometer14
Gravitational Effect on Isokinetic Movements15
Hip and Vasti Activation in the Management of Pfps16
Effect of tibia rotation on the electromyographical activity of the vastus medialis oblique17
CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS21
Methods21
Procedures22
Experimental protocol23
Experimental setup24
Surface EMG detection24
Signal processing25
Statistical processing26
Osteoarthritis of the knee29
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION31
Data Analysis31
VMO to VL Ratios31
Asymptomatic Vs. symptomatic31
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION34
EMG variable repeatability34
Myoelectrical manifestations of muscle fatigue39
About dominant and non-dominant legs41
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS42
REFERENCES43
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
The quadriceps is comprised of four muscles; each with different responsibilities to assist in the function of the knee. The four muscles are the vastus medalis oblique (VMO), vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris. The vastus medialis is made up of two parts: the distal portion is the VMO and the proximal portion is the vastus medialis oblique longus (VML). The primary movement of the quadriceps is extension of the ...