The Effects of Forests Depletion on Pharmaceutical Production

Introduction

Forestry is now giving 327 billion dollars revenue worldwide with an ever increasing demand. Forests are using as an alternative to fossil fuels; wood fuel contributes largely to this success (Haab Kenneth 55). An intensive exploitation of forest resources can result in the loss of primary forests and soil depletion and biodiversity. However, sustainable practices do exist. Applied on a small scale, they could also help in poverty deduction in developing countries (Spilsbury 33). Forestry consists of the exploitation of potential raw material (wood, non-timber products) and services (covered reservoir of biodiversity) of forest. It takes into account the exploitation of natural forests, which cover 93% of the global forest area and plantations (Carroll Jamuna 130).

In 2000, 35% of woodland was used for timber production. The productive plantations surface had increased by 25 million hectares during 2000 and 2005. Demand for wood-based products increased by 2.7% per year and the forest area decreased by 0.2% (7.9 million ha). The samples in primary forests have led to their disappearance, as was the case in Western Europe, or their decline in tropical Africa, Latin America and Asia (Greiner Willi 45). Forestry in all sectors has provided employment to about 13 million people in 2000. Strongly linked to human societies and this considered in recent years by the Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture as a potential effective fight against poverty, knowing that poverty is the leading cause of deforestation in sub-Saharan Africa (Spilsbury 99). The forest management practices and timber production are of three types: the intensive system corresponds to the regular forests and short rotation coppice: planting and cutting, fast-growing species monoculture and systematic, possibly feet cloned or genetically modified, with fertilizer and pesticides (Einspruch Tom David 90). The species planted are conifers to 54% (32% pine) and hardwood for 32% (8% 5% eucalyptus and acacia). This is an input to economic management to meet performance targets and control the size of the wood produced. The system of collecting and agro forestry, practiced mainly in the tropics. The system takes into account the multifunctional of the forest, corresponding to irregular forests. It is a global management integrating biodiversity, ecological balance, landscape, commercial and recreational uses of man, and timber production. It exists in Western and Central Europe for over a hundred years in different countries, and tends to spread around the world under the name Sustainable labeled.

The market for wood and forest products was $ 327 billion in 2007, with a production of 3.832 million m3 divided into 1644 m3 of round wood, 422 million m3 of sawn timber, 1,766 m3 of wood energy. In 2005, 54% of global area of plantations for the production were in Asia, 75% in China (54.102 Mha) and 24% in Europe, 36% in Russia (11.888 Mha). Europe remains the world's largest importer with 47% of world trade in 2004 and Russia's largest exporter of industrial round wood with 35% of world trade (Santoro Thomas ...